Monolayers of third-generation amphiphilic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer were prepared at the air/water interface and then were successfully transferred onto silicon wafers by a horizontal lifting method. A comprehensive characterization of the PAMAM monolayers was made, structurally and dynamically, by scanning force microscopy in conjunction with X-ray reflectivity and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The PAMAM molecules sit on the substrate with an oblate shape, in which hydrophilic core and hydrophobic alkyl end groups were toward substrate and air sides, respectively. In the PAMAM monolayers, distinct three, Ra-, RH 2 O-and δ-, relaxation processes were observed on lateral force-temperature curves. They were assigned to segmental motion, plasticized segmental motion by residual water molecules, and a local mode relaxation, respectively.

The carbon-coated lanthanum nanorods with uniform distribution of La and C can synchronously remove phosphate and organic matter, efficiently and rapidly.

Gadolinium aluminate (GdAlO 3 , GAP) nano whiskers were synthesized by the hydrothermal-solid state method, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) were employed to analyze the phase change and the nucleation mechanism of GAP during calcing process. The results show that the precursor of GAP prepared by hydrothermal is (NH 4 ) x GdAl(OH) y (NO 3 ) z ·nH2O. When the calcination temperature is higher than 900°C, the precursor recrystallizes, forming the needle shape GAP under the synergistic effect factors. The best preparation conditions are as follows: ammonia water as mineralizer, pH=9, calcination temperature 1100°C and holding time 3 h.

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