Demographic changes have resulted in an increase in the number of older patients diagnosed with degenerative joint disease. Developments in the field of joint arthroplasty allow a broader population to improve their lifestyles. An increased demand for knee arthroplasty has led to a rise in operations performed worldwide. Although there has been a constant propagation of technology and an increase in medical staffing at a professional level, many patients still encounter complications. Though rare, these factors may lead to life-threatening scenarios and a devastating effect on the success of the operation. One such rare complication includes periprosthetic fractures around the knee, a complex injury which requires a cautious and experienced approach. In this review, we analyze the prevalence, risk factors and classification, investigation and treatment options for periprosthetic fractures with total knee arthroplasty.

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. The current study was designed to evaluate the awareness and skills of orthopedic surgeons (OS) regarding FMS diagnosis and treatment. For the examination of awareness and familiarity of OS in Israel to Fibromyalgia, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. Two hundred and nineteen OS, residents and specialists, were asked anonymously about awareness, knowledge, and treatment of FM. Multivariable statistical analysis was performed. 91 % (199) of responders reported that they recognized the disease. Notwithstanding, the mean knowledge score was 7.6 out of 17. In addition, OS who were trained in the south of Israel were found to have a better degree of knowledge about FM (9.7 vs. 7.4; p < 0.03). The awareness and knowledge among OS regarding FM needs to be improved. OS who were trained in the south of Israel were found to have better degree of knowledge regarding FM.

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SummaryBacteriological studies with carbenicillin and gentamicin individually and with the combination of these antibiotics suggest their effect to be additive in action and often synergistic. Of sixty-five organisms tested in vitro, the majority Gram-negative, forty-seven were resistant to ampicillin, thirtyseven to carbenicillin, twenty-four to gentamicin and only six to carbenicillin plus gentamicin.Out of sixty-seven patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, thirty were randomly allocated to receive carbenicillin plus gentamicin postoperatively and of these one developed an infection.The other thirty-seven patients received either ampicillin or no antibiotic and nine developed infections.The combined antibiotic regime seems suitable for prophylaxis for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery with a high risk of infection. IntroductionThe incidence of post-operative infection following abdominal surgery constitutes a serious hazard. In one large series infection, in all sites, occurred in over 30°/o of patients undergoing large bowel and