Background: Hepato-Renal impairment refers to renal dysfunction in a liver compromised state concerning lead metal exposure. Natural chelators (marine source) have potent chelating properties claiming to ameliorate hepato-renal dysfunction in heavy metal toxicity Material and Methods: A total of 42 male albino Wistar rats weighing between 200 to 250 g were categorised into seven groups (n=6). Except for the first group (control), which received sodium-acetate (1,000 mg/L in drinking water), all of the groups received lead acetate 0.4 mg/kg body weight per oral (p.o). Second-group is the negative control group (toxic), the third and fourth received Chitosan and Chitosamine 0.2 g/kg (p.o) respectively. Ethylene diaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) 495 mg/kg (p.o) was given to the fifth, sixth, and seventh groups, whereas Chitosan and Chitosamine [0.2 g/kg (p.o)] were given to the sixth and seventh groups, respectively. Results: There is statistical significant increase in atherogenic indices, serum lipid profile, renal tissue oxidativestress, renal function biomarkers, kidney weights, and decrease in body weights of experimental animals in the toxic as compared to control whereas these values ameliorated in treatment groups as compared to toxic group. Histopathology of toxic group kidneys revealed histologic and pathological changes in nephrons along with dyslipidemia which healed to normal architecture and analytical values in treatment groups. Thus, the study confirms the nephro protective effect and improvement of dyslipidemia as a consequence of hepato-renal impairment by natural chelators. Conclusion: The natural chelators have hepatic and nephro protective effect in lead metal induced poisoning.

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Objectives In the present study, an attempt is made to develop novel multifunctional sustained-release minitablets in a capsule system by film coating Fesoterodine for the treatment of urinary incontinence (increased urinating frequency). Methodology The direct compression technique was used to formulate the minitablets, and coating was applied using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) phthalate. The pre-formulation study was performed using tools like differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and post-formulation parameters such as hardness, thickness, weight variation, uniformity, and drug release. Drug release kinetics were studied for the formulations F1–F11. Results All the pre- and post-formulation parameters were found to be within the limits. F1 and F2 result in burst release of the drug within 30 minutes. For the F3, F4, and F5 formulations, HPMC phthalate-coated minitablets show almost 100% drug release in 3, 4, and 5 hours, respectively. F6, F7, and F8 (2.5%, 5%, and 10% formaldehyde-coated minitablets, respectively) show drug releases in the small intestine, and the release was prolonged for 24 hours, whereas F9, F10, and F11 (2.5%, 5%, and 10% glutaraldehyde-coated minitablets, respectively) release in the small intestine, but drug release takes more than 20 hours. Conclusion Film-coated minitablets were satisfactorily developed in terms of various post-compression parameters like hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, and content uniformity. IR and DSC studies revealed no significant drug excipient interactions. HPMC phthalate-coated minitablets released in the buffer, and it was supposed that the drug releases in the intestine, which leads to better absorption and follows Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics.

The aim of recent study was to develop a combined UV Spectrophotometric method and RP-HPLC method for metoprolol succinate, UV Spectrophotometric method was performed at 270 nm and samples were prepared with phosphate buffer solution pH 6.8, RP-HPLC method was performed using Alligent-1100 C18 column (Chemstation-32 software) at 30 0 c with flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. at detection wavelength of 215 nm. Both the methods were validated as per ICH guidelines and various validation parameters like accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, recovery study and range were determined. The proposed methods were simple, rapid, precise, and accurate, and can be used for routine analysis of metoprolol succinate in bulk and combinations.