This paper investigates the validity of the pollution haven hypothesis in the context of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia by determining the correlations between carbon emission and foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, and population size between 1975 and 2009 in that country. Statistical results from Spearman‟s correlation analysis show that CO2 emission has a statistically significant negative relationship with real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and a statistically significant positive relationship with population size in the Indonesian economy between 1975 and 2009. However, there is a weak and insignificant relationship between CO2 emission and real FDI during this period which indicates weak support for the pollution haven hypothesis because FDI does not appear to be as strong a contributing factor to CO2 emission as the activities of the population in Indonesia.

Using a discrete choice research method, this research aims to determine visitors' preferences and willingness to pay (WTP). This study evaluates the entrance price, restaurant facilities, the quality of the offered information, and the tour price (per person). The selected respondents were tourists who had visited an ecotourism place at least once. The study yielded the highest WTP based on the desire for restaurant availability in the tourism region of Jolotundo. Tourist satisfaction as indicated by preferences and WTP is crucial data for tourism area managers to use in order to better meet visitor expectations.

As part of the results of utilizing the non-physical side such as natural beauty, fresh air, interesting experiences, and used water sources, nature tourism is an activity that is right to get the above benefits. The research problem is the value of Taman Wisata Air Wendit (TWAW) and the facilities that surround it and aims to analyze the implications of the economic value of TWAW on the welfare of the surrounding community. The travel cost method (TCM is expected to illustrate the surplus of benefits from consumer spending who enjoys TWAW. An individual's experience of being willing to pay to get the benefits of TWAW by variables consisting of distance, income, transportation costs and number of groups. From the estimation results, it can be found that the distance and income of visitors play a significant role in encouraging decision-making to visit TWAW. This has an impact on the high results of the economic valuation which is calculated to reach Rp. 158,081,234,97 per year. The findings also suggest that managers improve facilities and infrastructure to open the potential for additional volume of visits and have implications for increasing TWAW's economic valuation in the future.

Urbanization processes in many developing countries is unavoidable. This kind of process is associated with the conversion of large areas of agricultural land into nonagricultural uses has been a common trend in those countries, including Indonesia. This trend emerges proliferation of conflicts between maintaining farming land to guarantee food security and urbanization as well as employment opportunities. The demand for conservation of farming land to industrial or residential uses has affected methods of rural people to release their land ownership for urban development. This paper aims to analyze determinant of decision making of rural people in Singosari and Karangploso, Malang regency, to change their land possession to urban people or investors for non-agricultural land purposes. The method of this paper is using an analytical hierarchy process(AHP) approach to identify a main factor of people preference for releasing land ownership from agricultural purposes to other ones. The result of this research showed us that income that has been earned of agricultural sector is less than expected. Another factor is the gotong royong characters in rural area have gone slowly but sure in Singosari sub regency, while wide urban development is in progress.