The structures of two enantiomeric azetidine-type amino acids isolated from the n-butanol-soluble fraction of the 70% ethanol extract of red-mold rice fermented with Monascus pilosus were established to be (+)- [1; (+)-monascumic acid] and (-)-syn-2-isobutyl-4-methylazetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acids [2; (-)-monascumic acid] based on spectroscopic methods.

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Tadahiko Fukuoka: (+)-and (-)-syn-2-Isobutyl-4-methylazetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic Acids from the Extract of Monascus pilosus-Fermented Rice (Red-Mold Rice).