The investigation entitled “Evaluation of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) on the basis of physiological and morphological traits” was conducted during the Kharif season, 2019-2020 at the field of Student’s Instruction Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. Nine elite rice genotypes were shown in RBD with three replications, and morphological data were recorded. i.e., Plant height (cm), tiller number per plant, ear bearing tillers per plant, dry weight per plant(g), number of grains/plant, test weight(g), grain yield per plant. The plant height was, plant dry weight and number of tillers per plant obtained maximum in Sambha Sub-1 in comparison to other genotypes.

Climate change and global warming have increasingly become relevant factors in recent years in determining the success of wheat production under heat stress conditions. Throughout its growth period wheat crop requires varying degrees of temperature to achieve ideal growth. Any variation from optimal temperature adversely affects plant growth and development. Many places where wheat is grown have high temperatures at the time of grain filling which is a major constraint on yield potential. A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2020-21 at Student’s Instructional Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate the performance of wheat varieties under heat stress conditions. The treatment for the experiment consisted of sowing on three different dates i.e. D1 (30th November), D2 (15th December), D3 (30th December). It was observed that time of sowing decreased substantially almost all the yield components measured viz; number of ear bearing tillers per plant, number of grains per ear, ear length (cm), grain yield per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g), which caused severe reduction of yield in V1 (PBW-343) and V2 (HD-2967). This reduction was caused due to onset of high temperature during crop growth and particularly grain filling. Variety V3 (Halna) reduced the detrimental effect of heat stress by improving physiological traits which ultimately helped in obtaining higher yield.

An experiment was carried out to study the correlation and path analysis in twenty-six rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, among 26 rice genotypes, 15 rice varieties and 11 landraces collections from hilly region of Mirzapur in eastern Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was performed during kharif 2021-22 in Randomized Block Design with three replications to analyze correlation and path Analysis. At phenotypic and genotypic level, number of grain per panicle (GPP 0.603), chlorophyll content (Chl 0.326), Ear bearing tillers per plant (EBT 0.356) showed highly positive significant correlation with yield per plant (YPP) to emerge as most important associates of grain yield in rice. Path analysis identified the highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant was exhibited by number of grain per panicle (GPP 0.485), days to 50% flowering (DFF 0.414), plant height (PH at 45DAT 0.255), chlorophyll content (Chl 0.255), Ear bearing tillers per plant (EBT 0.173), plant height (PH at 30DAS 0.042), number of tillers per plant (NOT 0.029), panicle length (PL 0.024) are the most significant direct as well as indirect effect. Yield contributing components which under consideration at time of devising selection strategy aimed at developing varieties having higher yield.

Seed coating is a method of encasing seeds in adhesive materials to improve germination and performance while lowering cost. Seed coating has been widely used in agriculture as an efficient way to reduce biotic and abiotic stressors, hence boosting crop growth, productivity, and health, in order to satisfy the demands of the development of precision agriculture. Plant-beneficial microorganisms include Trichoderma, rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusfungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria. Fungicide seed treatment is easy, affordable, and efficient. Additionally, it is well known that the selection of chemicals for seed treatment also has a favourable impact on seed viability and vigour during germination storage. Seed coating polymers are utilised in conjunction with active components like fungicides and insecticides. A new era of biocontrol techniques has recently begun. By utilising hostile microbes to fight seed-borne illnesses, new technology is being developed. Beneficial fungus like Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride are among the bioagents  most powerful and efficient fungus- and soil-borne pathogen suppressants such as seedling blight, collar rot, stem rot, root rot, dry root rot, and their use may can effectively manage each of these illnesses, and thus encourage crop growth and yield.

The experiment was carried out throughout the winter season rabi under irrigated and rainfed conditions to examine the durability of enhanced and high-yielding cultivars of Indian mustard. Variance analysis on 14 characters was performed individually as well as aggregated across years and places. Irrigated environments were better for expressing a larger range of characters and a higher mean for all characters. Days to maturity, plant height, point to first branch, primary branches/plant, secondary branches/plant, point to first siliqua, seed yield/plant, and days to 50% flowering all showed significant G E interaction, indicating a significant amount of predictable G E interaction. All genotypes passed the tests for the three stability parameters and were found to be stable and high yielding. Although genotype were shown to be appropriate for growth in rainfed (poor) conditions despite having greater performance for seed yield/plant. The "genotype" was discovered to be suited for production in an irrigated (beneficial) environment and outperformed the population mean forseed yield/plant. Any breeding plan that aims to create stable, high-yielding genotypes can contain genotypes. For an increase in seed yield per plant, direct selection in the segregating generations of such parents for 1000-seed weight, point to first branch, secondary branches/plant, siliqua length, and overall number of siliquae/plant will be effective (PDF) Stability analysis in Indian mustard.