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The purpose of this investigation was to assess the incidence of oocyte damage (oocyte lysis) following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and its association with oocyte quality and with the personnel performing the procedure. Data concerning damage were accumulated from a laboratory database that tabulated the results of each patient's ICSI results. The incidence of lysis following ICSI was 4.8% of all injected oocytes. The number of oocytes injected and the incidence of intact (not lysed) oocytes that were fertilized by ICSI both were inversely correlated with the incidence of lysis. Individual technicians had distinctively different profiles of lysis, 1PN and 3PN embryos. Technicians in training had slightly elevated incidence of lysis. Whereas evidence is presented that both patient-specific oocyte quality and technician-specific performance are significantly related to the incidence of lysis, the small incremental incidence of lysis associated with each source leads us to believe that the incidence of lysis is largely unpredictable and unsystematic in nature.The author(s) have nothing to declare.

Background:It is important to plan preoperatively when contemplating internal fixation following deformity correction. Surgeons often find it difficult to retain the achieved correction till the end of internal fixation. To maintain precise correction we used hybrid technique which uses both external and internal fixation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this hybrid technique in achieving and retaining desired correction.Materials and Methods:In this retrospective study, we evaluated the magnitude of deformity with radiological parameters. We compared correction which was planned and correction which was achieved. The technique was used during surgery for corrective osteotomies. Before carrying out the osteotomy, rail fixator with two swivel clamps was applied. After osteotomy swivel clamps were loosened. Desired correction was achieved. While fixator held the fragments in corrected position, definitive internal fixation was carried out. External fixator was removed after completion of internal fixation. Position of mechanical axis ratio, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle and mechanical medial proximal tibial angle were measured before and 12 weeks after surgery. Student t-test was used to analyze the difference between correction which was planned and correction which was achieved.Results:There was no statistical difference between the desired correction and the correction achieved.Conclusions:Temporary use of external fixator while correcting angular deformities of lower limb allows to achieve accurate correction.

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