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Effect of biaxial and triaxial stresses on coal mine shale rocks Shrey Arora High horizontal in-situ stresses and weak immediate roof rock have been a detrimental combination for underground coal mines in the eastern United States. Also, these conditions pose challenging ground control problems to researchers. One such problem, referred to by many names, is the "cutter roof," "kink failure," "gutter," or "pressure cutting." It is a compressional TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………….ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………………………..iii LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………………....vi LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………………viii