Plant Growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a heterogeneous group of bacteria (eg-Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus etc.) that are associated and colonized with root surface of plant. The rhizosphere of plant, contains different type of bacteria but only 2-5% of bacteria act as a PGPR (Antoun and Prevost, 2005). Bashan 1998;Gupta et al. 2000;Lucy et al. 2004 revealed that growth promoting ability of some rhizospheric bacteria is highly specific with plant species. In present scenario, PGPR plays an important tool for sustainable agriculture and trend for the future. The increasing demand for crop production with consequential reduction of synthetic fertilizers and pesticide use a big challenge. PGPR is a new alternative practice in Indian agriculture and it is an eco-friendly approach which can help by directly and indirectly mechanism to facilitating the growth and yield of the plant. The direct mechanisms likes nitrogen fixation, phosphate solublization, potassium solublization, siderophore production, phytoharmone production (i.e. IAA, Cytokinin, GA, Ethylene) etc. while indirect mechanisms likes Antibiotic production, Hydrolytic enzyme production, Induced systemic resistance (ISR), Exopolysaccharide production etc. The mechanisms of PGPR include regulating hormonal and nutritional balance, inducing resistance against plant pathogens and solubilizing nutrients for easy uptake by plants.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of intercrops in respect of weed suppression and chemical methods for effective weed control in pigeon pea and green gram based intercropping systems.The aim of this stydy to assess the most suitable weed management practices for pigeonpea + green gram intercropping system.Results revealed that the relative density of dicot weeds was lower than the relative weed density of monocot weeds and did not show any significant effect on weed dynamics of pigeon pea and green gram based intercropping systems whereas, the application of Pendimethelin @ 1.0 kg ai + Imazethapyr @0.1 kg ai/ha significantly minimum weed density, weed dry weight and maximum weed control efficiency recoreded compared to weedy plot at 25, 50 and 75 days after sowing (DAS). This might be due to reduction in weed competition.

A field investigation was conducted during two kharif seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-2022 at Agriculture Research Farm, Rabindranath Tagore University, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, India, to evaluate the effect of different irrigation scheduling and nutrient management practices on yield and economics of wheat crop in split-plot design with three replications. The irrigation level N0 - No irrigation, N1- One Irrigation at CRI (crown root inition) stage, N2- One Irrigation at CRI & one irrigation before flowering were arranged in main plots whereas nutrient management treatments of N0 – Control, N1-100% RDF + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha. + Azotobacter, N2 - 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha + PSB, N3 - 50% RDF+ FYM@5.0 t/ha, N4 -50% RDF+ Vermicompost@2.5 t/ha were used in the sub plots. The results shown that one Irrigation at CRI & one irrigation before flowering along with application of 50% RDF+ FYM@5.0 t/ha found to be best in the terms of grain and straw  yield 28.70 and 41.88 q ha-1 in 2021 and 29.52 q ha-1, 42.13 q ha-1 in 2022. Minimum yield and cost benefit ratio recorded under control plot. The study suggests economically combinations of currently used irrigation scheduling and nutrient management practices that may help farmer to obtaining optimum yield.

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