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Aims: Rairangpur forest division, Mayurbhanj, Odisha is a hub of diverse floral and faunal species. Apart from flora and fauna, it has a rich diversity of fungal species.  The present study highlights the diversity of macro fungi with special reference to its medicinal and economic values available in Rairangpur Forest Division, Odisha. Place and Duration of Study: Field surveys were carried out at regular intervals (Pre monsoon and Post monsoon) in Rairangpur Forest Division during 2019-2020. Results: Mushroom samples were collected and then identified with the help of standard available literatures and books. 99 wild mushroom species belonging to 56 genera of 37 families were noted. Conclusion: It was found that 41 species were edible in which 15 mushrooms were consumed by different tribal communities in the study area. The rest species are poisonous or bitter in taste and further research on them could lead to isolate some bioactive compounds which could be a better preventive against many lethal diseases.

Background Aortic stenosis (AS) is a progressive disease, with no pharmacological treatment. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among AS patients is higher than in the general population. DM significantly increases the risk of AS development and progression from mild to severe. The interplay between AS and DM's mechanism is not entirely known yet. Main Body The increased accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was linked to increased valvular oxidative stress, inflammation, expression of coagulation factors, and signs of calcification, according to an analysis of aortic stenotic valves. It is interesting to note that in diabetic AS patients, valvular inflammation did not correlate with serum glucose levels but rather only with long-term glycemic management markers like glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, which has been shown to be safer than surgical aortic valve replacement, is advantageous for AS patients who also have concurrent diabetes. Additionally, novel anti-diabetic medications have been proposed to lower the risk of AS development in DM patients, including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that target reduction of AGEs-mediated oxidative stress. Conclusions There are little data on the effects of hyperglycemia on valvular calcification, but understanding the interactions between them is essential to develop a successful treatment strategy to stop or at least slow the progression of AS in DM patients. There is a link among AS and DM and that DM negatively impacts the quality of life and longevity of AS patients. The sole successful treatment, despite ongoing efforts to find new therapeutic modalities, involves aortic valve replacement. More research is required to find methods that can slow the advancement of these conditions, enhancing the prognosis and course of people with AS and DM. Graphical Abstract

A severe acute respiratory syndrome is an unidentified and unusual type of contagious pneumonia and lung disease caused by SARS Covid-19. At present, whole world is witness and trying to combat against Covid-19 and scientist community is rigorously putting efforts to develop suitable and effective medicines. Apart from the other public health measures and therapeutic efforts against Covid-19, we can boost our immunity with natural products. In this review article, we have selected and highlighted the potential of commonly known spice and herb as antiviral and immunity booster called as Black pepper. According to Various surveys has conducted on home remedies during Covid-19, among a wide range of group of peoples in different age group from various country, found taking Kadha of Black pepper for combating infection and boosting immunity. We have put effort to highlight WHO proposed guidelines against Covid-19 and explained extraction method of API, processing steps of Black pepper and preventive measure of Covid-19 according to Ayurveda system. Therefore, we conclude from survey and available literature that spice Black pepper plays an important role against viral infections and boosting immunity more significantly.

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