The unified framework for tracking of multiple markers presented here can achieve marker detection accuracy similar to manual detection even in low-contrast cine-MV images. It can cope with shape deformations of fiducial markers at different gantry angles. The fast processing speed reduces the image processing portion of the system latency, therefore can improve the performance of real-time motion compensation.

Abstract-The electronic paper has been successfully applied on electronic readers (E-Readers). Among all electronic paper technologies, the electrophoretic display (EPD) would be the most popular one due to its promising visual quality for showing text only contents or gray-tone images. However, playing videos/animations on the EPD is still a big challenge, thus none of the commercial E-Readers can support such a fancy feature. This drawback limits the application scenarios of the E-Readers. In this paper, we propose an integrated driving system for playing videos on the EPD. The system contains a new real-time signal processing hardware engine for video halftoning. In addition, the entire system is driven with a new driving waveform aiming at the reduction of residue images and visual flickers.Index Terms-Bistable display driver, driving waveform, electrophoretic display (EPD), electronic paper.

The electrophoretic display (EPD) has been widely applied on electronic readers (E-Readers) for displaying image/text contents. With a touch panel, the user can put annotations on the contents at will. However, none of the available E-Readers support the function of paintbrush, which allows the user to plot gray tone figures. This is because the EPD is a bistable display whose driving method is quite complicated. In this paper, we first discuss the issues of realizing paintbrush function on the EPD display controller and then propose a new signal processing engine for the paintbrush function. The engine contains four stages: 1) screening the detected pixel coordinates; 2) interpolating pixels; 3) performing image halftoning to generate more visual gray levels; and 4) driving the pixels to the target states. The experimental results show that the engine meets the real-time requirement to complete the pixel interpolation as well as produce the gray-tone traces.

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