No abstract

No abstract

MgNi‐graphite composites prepared by ballmilling were investigated in detail, with emphasis given to the relation between the structural characteristics and the hydrogen‐absorbing properties. It was found that there was an optimal ballmilling time for the preparation of MgNi‐graphite composites with enhanced electrode performance when the composite exhibited a saturation capacity of hydrogen absorption virtually identical to that of the MgNi alloy, and the modification of graphite was limited to the surface layer of the MgNi alloy. Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigations on the composites indicated a decline in the π electron character of graphite and changes in the chemical states of the constituents on the alloy surface, suggesting the possibility of charge transfer between graphite and the MgNi alloy during ballmilling, which resulted in an increase in the surface Ni/Mg ratio. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

No abstract

This study adopts an institutional approach in the case analysis of China's economic statecraft towards Brazil. In light of institutionalisation theory, it examines the institutional arrangements between Beijing and Brasilia for the purpose of facilitating bilateral economic cooperation and advancing strategic partnership. As a descriptive effort, it yields some preliminary findings: first, the institutionalisation of China's economic statecraft towards Brazil is incremental, driven largely by the desire for and belief in long-term planning; second, a set of norms, values, and principles is instituted alongside designated agencies, point persons, operational protocols, and exchange mechanisms, creating a form of institutional governance based on a multi-actor, multilevel, and network-based steering mode; third, governance remains so centralised that it falls short in empowering strategic participation; and, fourth and finally, Beijing's institution-building proves useful in the management of relations with Brazil, suggesting that economic statecraft may benefit from institutionalisation.