With the increase of mining depth, rock mechanics conditions become complicates. So the surface subsidence law caused by deep mining is different from the shallow. Based on the finite difference method and rock mechanics theory, the surface subsidence law cased by deep caving mining was studied, the strata movement rule and characteristics of stress distribution of different excavation stage was analyzed systematically. The results of the study can provide certain reference significance for the deep mining to confirm the displacement angle and range of surface subsidence.