In order to solve the vehicle routing optimization problem of cold chain logistics distribution, this paper proposes a vehicle routing optimization method of cold chain logistics distribution based on cloud computing technology. This paper analyzes the advantages of processing the real-time routing of distribution vehicles under the cloud computing mode and establishes the application service architecture of vehicle routing optimization in cold chain logistics; under this architecture, multisource real-time traffic information is obtained, the vehicle distribution time and comprehensive cost are analyzed, the vehicle routing optimization model of cold chain logistics distribution is constructed, and the coarse-grained parallel genetic algorithm is used to solve the model in the cloud computing environment. The experimental results show that if W 1 = 0 , W 2 = 1 , the optimal path is 0-6-7-3-1-4-2-8-5, the total cost is 1620 yuan, the total mileage is 72 km, the vehicle driving time is 2.17 hours, and the calculation time is 10.79 s; let W 1 = 1 , W 2 = 0 , the optimal path is 0-5-6-7-2-4-3-1-8, the vehicle travel time is 1.84 hours, the total cost is 1736 yuan, the total mileage is 76 km, and the calculation time is 11.56 s. The optimal path is obtained in the effective time range. Conclusion. The real-time route optimization method of refrigerated vehicles in the cloud computing environment is effective. This method has practical significance to realize fine control of cold chain logistics distribution cost and improve distribution service efficiency.