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• MR imaging has served as a problem-solving procedure in ectopic pregnancy. • MR imaging features can be criteria for early diagnosis of tubal pregnancy. • Detailed assessment of ectopic implantation is necessary for management decision-making.

A novel alkaline-stable lipase I from Penicillium cyclopium with improved thermostability was prepared by molecular modification.

No abstract

L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) has been shown to enhance cognitive performance. Meanwhile, vegetable oils must be refined to remove the impurities for them to be edible. Phospholipase B (PLB), having the ability of hydrolyzing both the sn-1 and sn-2 acyl ester bonds of phospholipids, can produce GPC using PC as substrate and transform the non-hydratable phospholipids into their hydratable forms. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae plb gene, which encodes PLB, was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 to produce recombinant PLB (rPLB). Fermentation optimisation yielded rPLB activity levels as high as 1723 U/mL. rPLB demonstrated maximum enzymatic activity at 40 C and pH 5.5 and was stable at temperatures between 30 and 40 C and pH values between 5.0 and 6.0. rPLB synthesised GPC with a conversion rate of 17% (w/ w) and exhibited high degumming activity towards peanut oil, decreasing the phosphorus content from 91.8 to 3.7 mg/kg within 3 h. This study describes a candidate phospholipase for potential applications involving the modification of phospholipids and vegetable oil degumming.