In this literature review steel fibers reinforced self-compacting concrete properties in fresh and hardened states and factors effecting on them were studied. In spite of high workability of self- compacting concrete, using of steel fibers depending on their length, aspect ratio, shapes and volume fraction can cause detrimental effects on it. Using of steel fibers improves hardened properties especially flexural and post peak performance, and this improvement depends on how fibers can distribute and orientate in fresh state.  The better hardened properties can obtain when fibers aligned and orientated in the direction parallel to tensile stress.

It is assumed that, when the flow over the surface of an aerofoil in cascade undergoes separation, the pressure (or reduced pressure for a rotating circular cascade) remains constant aft of that point. In the present treatment, as in a previous method, this condition is maintained by the imposition of a source sheet along the appropriate surface of a thin aerofoil. In contrast to the previous method, the correct kinematic condition is maintained by the imposition of a correcting vortex sheet along the camber line. In this way it is possible to allow for the presence of separation on either or both surfaces; the vortex sheet is determined from the numerical solution of an integral equation of the first kind. The theory, valid in incompressible flow, is applied to an axial cascade and to a radial impeller and a comparison is made with the measured velocity distribution and displacement thickness.