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Figure 1: Direct manipulation of stylized shading. Our algorithms allow the user to directly click-and-drag on shaded areas and highlights in real-time to achieve results like the above. The two leftmost images show the result of the user dragging the shaded area. The remaining images demonstrate the results of dragging operations on the highlight. Starting from the initial rounded shape in the second image, the highlight is first squared, then shrunk, split into four parts, and finally shifted to the right. AbstractLight and shade in the context of non-photorealistic imaging, such as digital cel animation, are semantic notations, rather than physical phenomena. Therefore stylized light and shade should be intentionally animated instead of simulated. This paper proposes an intuitive, direct manipulation method for animating stylized light and shade in real-time. Our method provides intuitive click-anddrag operations for translating and deforming the shaded areas, including rotation, directional scaling, splitting, and squaring of highlights, all without tedious parameter tuning. Our prototype system demonstrates the algorithms in our method, which are implemented along with a real-time cartoon shader on commodity graphics hardware. This system allows the interactive creation of stylized shading keyframes for animations, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.

Understanding anatomical structures and biological functions based on gene expression is critical in a systemic approach to address the complexity of the mammalian brain, where >25 000 genes are expressed in a precise manner. Co-expressed genes are thought to regulate cell type- or region-specific brain functions. Thus, well-designed data acquisition and visualization systems for profiling combinatorial gene expression in relation to anatomical structures are crucial. To this purpose, using our techniques of microtomy-based gene expression measurements and WebGL-based visualization programs, we mapped spatial expression densities of genome-wide transcripts to the 3D coordinates of mouse brains at four post-natal stages, and built a database, ViBrism DB (http://vibrism.neuroinf.jp/). With the DB platform, users can access a total of 172 022 expression maps of transcripts, including coding, non-coding and lncRNAs in the whole context of 3D magnetic resonance (MR) images. Co-expression of transcripts is represented in the image space and in topological network graphs. In situ hybridization images and anatomical area maps are browsable in the same space of 3D expression maps using a new browser-based 2D/3D viewer, BAH viewer. Created images are shareable using URLs, including scene-setting parameters. The DB has multiple links and is expandable by community activity.

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