No abstract

The calcineurin/NFATc1 signal is overexpressed and active in HCC. It may enhance the proliferative potential of HepG2 cells through transcriptional activation of the c-myc and cox-2 oncogenes.

Cancer stem cells are enriched in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor tissues, which present strong capacities of proliferation and tumorigenicity. The present study detected the distribution of cancer stem cell markers cluster of differentiation (CD)44/CD24 and analyzed the clinical outcomes of different CD44/CD24 phenotypes in patients with TNBC. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed with regard to the prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers CD44/CD24, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 and other baseline clinical characteristics, including tumor size, lymph node involved, adjuvant chemotherapy, Ki-67, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1, cellular tumor antigen p53, vimentin and basal-like status. The multivariate analyses showed that three of these factors, CD44/CD24 phenotype, basal-like status and number of lymph nodes involved, had an impact on overall survival. Furthermore, patients with CD44+/CD24− phenotype, basal-like tumors and ≥4 lymph nodes involved had a significantly worse prognosis. The expression of CD44 and CD24 was detected by double-staining immunohistochemistry, which can locate cancer stem cells individually. Overall, the present results indicated that CD44/CD24 status evaluated by double-staining immunohistochemistry constitutes an independent prognostic factor for TNBC.

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method was established for the determination of cyromazine and its metabolite, melamine, in animal-derived food. Chicken and tilapia muscle samples were spiked with (15)N(3)-melamine, extracted with an acidic acetonitrile/water solution, and defatted with dichloromethane. Egg and milk samples were directly extracted with 3% trichloroacetic acid. The extracts were purified using mixed cation-exchange cartridges, derived with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, and detected by GC-MS. Cyromazine and melamine were quantified by external standard methods except for the determination of melamine in animal muscle, which used an internal standard method. Recoveries ranged from 75.0 to 110.0%, and relative standard deviations were <15.0%. In animal muscle the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 20 microg/kg and the limits of detection (LODs) were 10 microg/kg for cyromazine and melamine. In milk and eggs the LOQs were 10 microg/kg and the LODs were 5 microg/kg for both analytes.

These findings suggest S100A11 could be helpful in the pathological study of colorectal cancer, especially for the classification of different stages in colorectal cancer.