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Introduction: Teaching learning in the times of Covid 19 pandemic needs to be revamped in order to follow norms of social distancing. Therefore, online classes are a necessity now. Methodology: We registered our institution on Microsoft Teams under educational institutes. Entire college faculty was registered along with undergraduates and post graduate students. E-classes were planned after a professional demonstration. Results: The feedback of e classes given by students was encouraging. They were satis ed by the teacher's way of delivering lecture. The students felt, on line classes are almost similar to o ine classes. The main hinderance in e-classes was internet connection. Conclusion: The e classes helped to continue the teaching learning activities during restrictions because of Covid19 pandemic

Spinal surgery presents a challenge for both neurosurgery and orthopaedic surgery. Due to the heterogeneous differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells, there is much interest in the treatment of spine surgery. Animal and human trials focussing on the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury, spine fusion and disc degeneration were included in this systematic review. Published articles up to January 2016 from MEDLINE, PubMed and Ovid were used by searching for specific terms. Of the 2595 articles found, 53 met the selection criteria and were included for analysis (16 on spinal cord injury, 28 on intervertebral disc repair and 9 on spinal fusion). Numerous studies reported better results when the mesenchymal stem cells were used in co-culture with other cells or used in scaffolds. Mesenchymal stem cells were also found to have an immune-modulatory role, which can improve surgical outcome. This systematic review suggests that mesenchymal stem cells can be used safely and effectively for these spinal surgery treatments. Whilst, in certain studies, mesenchymal stem cells did not necessarily show improved results from existing treatments, they provide an alternative option. This can reduce morbidity that arises from current surgical treatment.

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