A peptide-modified gold nanoparticle was developed for tumour-targeted therapy. Triggered by alkaline phosphatase, the CREKA-YPFFK(Nph) peptide can self-assemble and further result in accumulation of gold nanoparticles in tumour cells. The large-sized gold nanoparticle aggregates cannot escape from the tumour tissue, therefore realizing the goal of tumour-specific targeting, enhanced retention and photothermal effects.

We developed a mitochondria-targeted near-infrared activatable fluorescent/photoacoustic (NIR FL/PA) probe for the selective detection of prostate cancer-derived ALP and aggregation-enhanced photothermal therapy.

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