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Water is the most precious gift of nature and is a valued natural resource for the existence of living beings. Management of this natural resource is thus of utmost importance. The present study was carried out to determine the presence of a few heavy metals viz, lead, chromium, copper and mercury in the various samples of Upper Lake, Bhopal. The samples were analyzed during both the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon season. From the observations it was concluded that a general increase in the concentration was observed in the post monsoon season due to surface runoff coming into the lake water in the rainy season.

This study highlights the development of a lab-scale, indigenously designed; Packed-Bed Bio lm Reactors (PBBR) packed with brick pieces. The developed bio lm in the reactor was used for the decolourisation and biodegradation of the textile industry e uent. The PBBR was continuously operated for 264 days, during which 301 cycles of batch and continuous treatment were operated. In batch mode under optimised conditions, more than 99% dye decolourisation and ≥92% COD reduction were achieved in 6 h of contact time upon supplementation of e uent with 0.25 g L -1 glucose, 0.25 g L -1 urea, and 0.1 g L -1 phosphates. A decolourisation rate of 133.94 ADMI units h -1 was achieved in the process. PBBR, when operated in continuous mode, showed ≥95% and ≥92% reduction in ADMI and COD values. Subsequent aeration and passage through charcoal reactor assisted in achieving ≥96 % reduction in COD and ADMI values. An overall increase of 81% in dye-laden e uent decolourisation rate, from 62 mg L -1 h -1 to 262 mg L -1 h -1 , was observed upon increasing the ow rate from 18 mL h -1 to 210 mL h -1 . Dye biodegradation was determined by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy and toxicity study. SEM analysis showed the morphology of the attached-growth bio lm. HighlightsPacked-Bed Bio lm Reactor with an indigenous consortium was developed for textile e uent treatment.The use of developed consortia and optimisation resulted in more than 92% of COD and 99% of dye removal.FTIR analysis was conducted for the detection and quanti cation of the dye metabolites. SEM analysis was used to examine the morphology of the attached-growth bio lm.The developed reactor was successfully run for 264 d with 301 cycles.