Despite the fact that many new drugs and technologies have been developed to combat the infectious diseases

Fluoride pollution is now recognized as a global problem. The reason fluorides are considered as serious contaminants even when they are present at low levels is that they persist for a long time in air, soil, and water and exert negative effects at all levels of an ecosystem. Thus, immediate attention is the need of the hour to remediate the environment from F pollution. Till date, the conventional methods have been developed primarily to remove F from water. These methods are very slow and expensive. Besides, not much research has been done so far to remediate F from soil. This review focuses on the uptake and accumulation of F by certain aquatic and land plant species. Exploring these plants by analysis of their tissues for accumulated contaminants may open up several opportunities to be utilized to remediate F rich water and soil.

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Chemical compounds from different plant sources and plant products are referred to as 'Phyto-constituents'. These are mainly extracted from the plants either in fresh or dried forms. These bioactive compounds are necessary mediator in the pathophysiology of kidney stones. Unlike allopathic medicine that target only one aspect, most of plant-based therapies have been shown to be effective at different stages of stone pathophysiology. A number of ethno-medicinal plants from different countries are used against urolithiasis. However, the knowledge of health-promoting plants is limited to few elderly people of villages. This review aims to highlight the current trends in research of ethnomedicinal plants possessing potential anti-urolithiatic activity. The results as presented in this review demonstrate the promising role of phyto-extracts in the management and treatment of kidney stones. The study would help investigators to identify lead chemical compounds or formulate herbal products responsible for urolithiatic activity.

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