Echinococcosis is a rare infectious disease in human being that occurs by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. Human cystic echinococcosis is the most common presentation. The liver is the most common site of echinococcal cyst, followed by the lungs. The symptoms of lung infestation lead to sudden onset of chest pain, cough, fever, and hemoptysis after a cyst rupture. The diagnosis is confirmed by radiology supplemented with serology. Chest X-ray and computer tomography of chest is the principal investigation for pulmonary hydatid cyst (PHC). The treatment of PHCs is either pharmacotherapy and/or surgery. Surgical intervention is the most preferred treatment of choice; pharmacotherapy is useful in selected patients. Pharmacotherapy includes oral administration of benzimidazoles group of drugs like mebendazole or albendazole.

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Background: Cor triatriatum is an exceedingly rare congenital heart defect which can present at any age depending upon the presence of associated cardiac anomalies and the size of communication between the common chamber and the left atrium. Our aim is to present 10 years surgical outcome of cor triatriatum repair in patients who present beyond infancy.Methods: On going through our institute's surgical database from January 2009 to June 2019 for cor triatriatum, 14 patients were found to have undergone the surgical correction. Their demographic profile and midterm outcome in terms of mortality, functional status, and cardiac function was assessed.Results: There were total 14 patients with slight female predominance (57.14%) who underwent cor triatriatum surgical repair. The mean age at the time of surgery was 12.14 ± 9.97 years ranging from 1 to 29 years. Associated congenital cardiac defects were seen in 12 (85.71%) patients with atrial septal defect being the most common.Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection was seen in 4 (28.57%) patients.Eight (57.14%) patients had severe pulmonary hypertension preoperatively. All but two patients showed marked reduction in pulmonary artery pressures postoperatively. All the patients underwent excision of the membrane and repair of associated cardiac defects simultaneously. There was no early or midterm mortality or any reintervention over a mean follow-up period of 58.06 ± 30.73 months (range 20-120 months). Conclusion:The early and midterm surgical outcome of cor triatriatum is excellent even in patients who present beyond infancy with reversible pulmonary artery hypertension. K E Y W O R D S common chamber, cor triatriatum sinister, left atrium, triatriatum 1 | INTRODUCTION Cor triatriatum sinister is a very rare disease seen in <1 in 1000 patients with congenital cardiac defects. 1 In cor triatriatum the left atrium is typically divided by a fibromuscular membrane, resulting in a postero-superior positioned proximal cavity and an anterio-inferior positioned distal cavity containing the left atrial appendage. It has to be differentiated from the supramitral ring or membrane which lies distal to the left atrial appendage. Clinical presentation is dependent on the degree of functional pulmonary venous obstruction and the presence of associated congenital cardiac lesions. Early presentation resulting in early treatment is the usual management of the patients with cor triatriatum. When the communication between the pulmonary venous chamber and the left atrium is small (<3 mm), almost 75% of the patients die in infancy if left untreated. 2 The naturally selected patients who survive infancy are those with either lesser degree of stenosis at the communication site and/or with a large ASD which protects the pulmonary venous vasculature for some time. However, as the age increases, their pulmonary artery pressure rises and they become symptomatic and present with signs and symptoms of mitral stenosis and/or large ASD. 2 Our aim was to assess the surgical outcome in patient...

PTCA balloon catheter entrapped in the entire LAD and portion of it lying in ascending aorta could be delivered through the standard coronary arteriotomy for coronary anastomosis, thus avoiding the aortotomy.

Bleeding from a proximal suture line is not uncommon following composite graft anastomosis in Bentall's procedure. Passage of valve sutures through the pericardial strip, which is used to encircle the sewing ring of the composite graft, strengthens the repair. The strip can also be sutured to the left ventricular outflow tract in case of bleeding from proximal anastomosis in that particular region.