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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pneumonia pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 1 First identified in December 2019 in an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan City (Hubei Province, China), COVID-19 currently affects over 210 countries and territories worldwide. 2 The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, 3 then a pandemic, on March 11, 2020. 4 By June 30, 2020, there had been over 10 million confirmed cases, including over 500.000 patient deaths. 2 The majority of COVID-19 patients manifest mild to moderate symptoms; approximately 15% progress to the severe form of the

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Background: Nutrition plays an important role in maintaining the overall health of older people. Inadequate intake may lead to impaired body function, higher morbidity, and mortality. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) showed positive effect on the nutritional status of the elderly; however, systematic evidence is currently lacking on the effect of ONS on the elderly with anorexia. Aims: The current systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles to investigate the effectiveness of ONS on the main aspects of anorexia of aging (AA). Methods: By using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, researchers independently searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other gray literature resources for publications that met the inclusion criteria by October 2020. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools were used for quality assessment. The inverse-variance method was used for the fixed model (FM) while the DerSimonian–Laird method was used for the random model (RM). Respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for indices in terms of effect size (ES). Results: 2497 records were found through the systematic search, while 17 RCTs (n = 1204) were included, with a mean age of 81.9 years (range: 74–87 years). Supplementation occurred in the morning, mid-day, and evening, while the times varied from one to three times a day. The results of meta-analysis showed that, generally, ONS had a positive effect on the overall appetite, MD = 0.18, 95% CI (0.03, 0.33), p = 0.02, and consumption, MD = 1.43, 95% CI (0.01, 2.86), p = 0.05; but not significant in terms of other aspects of appetite: hunger, p = 0.73; fullness, p = 0.60; desire to eat, p = 0.80; preoccupation, p = 0.15. Additionally, it showed an increase in the overall energy intake, SMD = 0.46, 95% CI (0.29, 0.63), p < 0.001, in protein intake, SMD = 0.59, 95% CI (0.16, 1.02), p = 0.007, and in fat intake, MD = 3.47, 95% CI (1.98, 4.97), p < 0.001, while no positive effect was found on carbohydrates intake, p = 0.06. Significance differences were also found in the body weight, SMD = 0.53, 95% CI (0.41, 0.65), p < 0.001, and body mass index (BMI), MD = 0.53, 95% CI (0.12, 0.95), p = 0.01. Moreover, subgroup analyses were conducted according to the nutrient density with no positive results showed except for the low-density ONS on overall energy intake. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that ONS had beneficial effects on overall appetite, energy intake, body weight and BMI.

Urban areas are often segmented into sub-regions for indepth analysis and complexity reduction. This paper tries to use vectorbased model to segment urban areas into regions by adopting a graphtheory approach. Vector-based model uses geometric primitives such as points, lines and polygons to denote spatial objects on the Cartesian coordinate system. Generally, we mainly store and analyze the vector data with PostGIS, in which a myriad of powerful functions are available. Here, we first find all intersections of road segments and turn vector data into a graph. Secondly, we simplify the graph by merging the redundant lines and removing the needless points. Lastly, dijkstra algorithm is applied to partition the areas into regions. In addition, we will present a case study of the OpenStreetMap data of Beijing to demonstrate the usability of the segmentation method.