Summary: Purpose: To determine the incidence of psychiatric disorders before and after surgical treatment for partial epilepsy and to document the effectiveness of their treatment.Methods: Fifty consecutive patients treated surgically for focal epilepsy (44 temporal and six frontal) were evaluated by established neuropsychiatric methods before surgery and over a mean period of 2 years after surgery. The patients with interictal dysphoric disorders, with or without psychotic episodes, were treated witli tricyclic antidepressant medication alone or combined with serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors and, if necessary, with the addition of risperidone.Results: Before surgery, 25 (57%) of the 44 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy had dysphoric disorders. After surgery, 17 (

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No significant benefit for the use of combinations over single agents was observed. However, benefit may be observed when combined pharmacological interventions address specific symptoms of alcohol use disorder known to be influenced by combination components, or when combinations are used in specific subpopulations in which combination components demonstrate benefit.