is a consultant for Boston Scientific, Astrazeneca, Genentech, Sirtex, Cook, Eisai, Bard and QED Therapeutics. Guy Johnson is a consultant for Boston Scientific, Genentech and Astrazeneca. Edward Kim receives grant support and personal fees from Boston Scientific. Ahsun Riaz is a consultant for Boston Scientific. Vivian Bishay is a consultant for Boston Scientific and Inari. Eveline Boucher and Kirk Fowers are employees of Boston Scientific. Robert Lewandowski is an adviser and on speaker bureau for Boston Scientific, and consultant Bard, Varian, ABK Medical, Alhambra Medical. Sid Padia is a consultant for Boston Scientific Corporation, Bristol Meyer Squibb, Varian, and receives research grants from Varian.

CI ¼ confidence interval, IV ¼ intravenous, IVC ¼ inferior vena cava, TIPS ¼ transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, UAE ¼ uterine artery embolization PREAMBLE In 2010, the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) published its first practice guidelines regarding the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in vascular and interventional radiology (IR) (1). The present update to the original guidelines aims to address the expanding breadth of IR procedures, including the increasing prevalence of pediatric IR procedures, and the increasing repertoire of antibacterial agents. As was the case for the original guidelines (1), the availability of randomized controlled data regarding antibiotic prophylaxis is lacking in the IR literature. Much data are derived from retrospective reviews

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