Background: Gallstone disease is one of the most common digestive system diseases next to GERD and accepted treatment involves laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy making it one of the costly diseases. with increasing westernisation of Indian lifestyle and food and also recent studies pointing out its association with cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality its need of the time to undertake an extensive study on epidemiology, demography and risk factors of gallstone disease. The aim was to study the epidemiological, demographic and risk factor profile in patients harbouring various types of gallbladder calculi.Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted. 100 cholelithiasis patients were undergoing operative procedure at our department.Results: Showed that females had higher incidence of gallstone disease with a ratio of 2:1, mixed gallstone was the predominant type (53%), mean BMI of the study population was 28.03 with SD of 3.61.Conclusions: Women are twice as likely as men to form gallstones. Most common gallstone type found is mixed type and least is cholesterol type. Age group most commonly affected is between 31-50 years. There is a statistically significant association between high BMI and occurrence of gallstone. There is a statistically significant association between diabetes and occurrence of gallstone.

Background: Acute pancreatitis still remains a disease of growing burden to mankind; it is an unpredictable, potentially lethal disease with a high mortality. The incidence of acute Pancreatitis appears to be increasing. Aim of the study was to evaluate total serum calcium and corrected calcium as prognostic severity factors in acute pancreatitis. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital from July2015 to June 2016. All the patients who were diagnosed to have acute pancreatitis by clinical examination, laboratory, radiological and biochemical investigations were considered as cases. Serum calcium and albumin corrected calcium measured within 24 hours of admission. Patients followed up for a maximum period of 4 weeks and outcome studied, in terms of whether patient had local or systemic complication, mortality. Significance of serum calcium and albumin corrected calcium in predicting outcome of acute pancreatitis is assessed and compared with BISAP score. Results: Acute pancreatitis most commonly occurs in the age group of 30-50. 80% of acute pancreatitis occurs in male and 20% in female. Alcoholism accounts for 58% cases of acute pancreatitis and gall stone account for 28% of acute pancreatitis. Conclusions: Hypocalcaemia and low ACC can predict severity of acute pancreatitis, as with BISAP score, but it is not superior to BISAP score.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder affecting large segment of population and is a major public health problem.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of 150 patients conducted in the Department of Surgery at Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, IndiaResults: Maximum numbers of patients were in the age group of 60-69. Male to female ratio is 3.04:1.50% had duration of diabetes <10 years and 50% had duration ≥10. years. 81 (54%) patients had neuropathy, 53 (35.3%) had PVD, 41 (27.3%) had history of prior foot ulcer, 70 (46.7%) had poor glycemic control (RBS >200 mg/dl) at the time of admission and 44 (29.3%) had history of smoking.Conclusions: Most important risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers were neuropathy (54%), poor glycemic control (46.7%) and PVD (35.3%), diabetic foot requires a comprehensive management.

Background: Varicose veins are commonly encountered vascular disease with wide variety of surgical and minimally invasive /interventional modes of treatment .we put forth a novel economical and efficient technique of performing high ligation, long saphenous vein stripping and Muller's hook phlebectomy in tumescent local anaesthesia compared with spinal anaesthesia. AIM &OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to compare a novel technique of performing phlebectomy and invagination stripping of the GSV using tumescent anesthesia and spinal anesthesia in terms of post operative pain, complications. Methods: A total of 200 patients (100 patients in each arm of spinal anaesthesia group, and tumescent anaesthesia group) diagnosed cases of varicose vein lower limb being operated with phlebectomy and invagination stripping of the GSV at were considered in this study. Consecutive sampling was done. Results: Of these patients, 120 (60%) were female and 40 were male (40%) with a mean age of 35.4 ± 8 and 47.4 ± 14 years, respectively No statistically significant difference with respect to the wound infection, local discomfort, postoperative recurrence rates of varicosity and patients satisfaction score was observed (P > 0.05. Conclusion: Tumescent local anesthesia is a novel, economical and efficient technique of performing high ligation, long saphenous vein stripping and Muller's hook phlebectomy when compared to doing under spinal anaesthesia with similar results.

Background: Both hemorrhoids and fissure-in-ano contribute to the spectrum of anorectal disorders which generate significant patient discomfort and disability. Etiological factors associated with development of symptomatic hemorrhoids include intake of low fiber diet, inadequate fluid intake, altered bowel habits leading to constipation etc. Aim: 1.To study the dietary habits of patients presenting with haemorrhoids and fissure in ano. 2. To determine the effect of altered dietary habits on the symptomatology. Methods: Case Control study conducted over one year between august 2016 to august 2017 at Department of surgery, Government Medical College, MANJERI. Results: The mean age of patients having hemorrhoids is 42.9years in case group and 44.0years in control group. Where as, the mean age of patients with fissure-inano is 37.1years in case group and 39.6years in control group. Majority of patients in the study population of hemorrhoids are male (84%) while female patients (56%) have more anal fissures. The p value of all analysis is <0.05. Conclusion: From this study, it has been concluded that in patients with hemorrhoids, bleeding per rectum gets aggravated with consumption of non vegetarian food items, fasting in the morning and intake of ≤ 1L of oral liquids and reduced consumption of diet containing fibre.