Aim : The study was conducted to reveal the efficacy of Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) based therapy in healing of chronic non-healing and ulcerative wound in bovine species. Materials and Methods: One 2 years old Jersey heifer affected with chronic ulcerative wound involving full thickness skin and under lying muscle at dorsal side of lumbar region since four months at the time of presentation. Bone marrow was collected from tibia, cultured and grown and after achievement of optimum confluence it was applied at the site. Different parameters of clinical, physiological, haematological, biochemical, histochemical, histological, tensile strength and photographic evaluations were done during the study period. Results:The estimated values of above mentioned parameters on zero day and after healing (18 days) showed significant difference (P<0.05) in relation to collagen content, tensile strength and physical characteristics of wound like extent of wound, size of wound, type of exudates and photography. But clinical, haematological and biochemical data showed no significant difference. Conclusion: The BM-MSCs were the main pioneers to bring the chronic ulcerative wound towards healing. The procedure is simple, safe and effective in bringing out healing without showing any adverse effect on host. Key words: BM-MSCs, bovine, chronic ulcerative wound healing. Hence one clinical trial was made with Introduction autologous bone marrow derived stem cell (BMChronic non-healing or slow healing ulcers MSCs) therapy and to know the progress and duration represent a major health burden and continue to pose a of healing with this application. challenge not only to the patient owners but to the Materials and Methodstreating physician and medical procedures as a whole. The healing of wound occurs by primary intention andThe owner was fully informed and written secondary intention [1,2,3]. The therapeutic application consent was obtained about the clinical trial, risk and of autologous BM derived MSCs (Bone marrow benefits of the proposed cell based therapy. It was also derived mesenchymal stem cells) have revolutionized approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics the field of regenerative medicine. The BM-MSCs Committee of the institution since it was a clinical case were been used for the treatment of chronic wound in and related to Agricultural Production Research. diabetic patients [4], for non-healing ulcers of lower Measurement of the wound dimension was taken extremities in human being [5], cutaneous radiation along with swab from wound bed for bacteriological syndrome in minipig model [6] and in dogs [7] proved culture and sensitive test (Fig.1). Biopsy was done successful in their findings. A clinical case of 2 years from wound bed for histopathological and old Jersey heifer was presented with one large size histochemical study. Wound was washed, cleaned and chronic non-healing wound at lumbar region since 4 dressed with fly repellent spray. Under peroneal nerve months. It was treated with dif...

A seven year old cow was presented with the history of chronic recurrent tympany for last 3 months. Entangled materials were palpated inside the rumen while recording the ruminal motility by pressed fist on left paralumbar fossa. Rumenotomy was conducted. Around 30 kg of foreign materials were removed and the animal recovered uneventfully.

The triad of endodontics is incomplete without the vital step of obturation. The success of an endodontically treated tooth vastly relies upon achieving a "fluid tight seal" carrying out an obturation adequately and accurately. Choosing a particular technique among several obturation techniques available is based upon the anatomy of the root canal and achieving certain objectives specific to each case. The two basic obturation procedures are lateral condensation and warm vertical compaction. There has been an advent of newer devices and techniques, such as those which employ heat and vibration for condensation and compaction of the obturating material, dramatically transforming the practice of endodontics and making success of an obturation more predictable. This article briefly covers the obturating materials and the techniques used for obturation along with their present status in today's endodontic practice.

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