Joaquim Coutinho-Netto 5 Uso experimental da biomembrana de látex na reconstrução conjuntival Introdução: A biomembrana de látex natural foi utilizada com sucesso nas reconstruções do esôfago, da parede abdominal e do pericárdio de animais, em que puderam ser comprovadas a biocompatibilidade e a capacidade de favorecimento do reparo tecidual desse material. No homem, ela já está sendo testada como material indutor de neoformação tecidual, tendo sido aplicada em pacientes com úlceras crônicas de membros inferiores e meringoplastias. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da biomembrana de látex no processo de reparo da conjuntiva ocular. Métodos: Promoveu-se a retirada de retângulos da conjuntiva nasal superior, de ambos os olhos, de 15 coelhos neo-zelandeses adultos. Nos olhos direitos, foram implantadas biomembranas de látex com suturas contínuas presas às bordas das lesões cirúrgicas. Nos esquerdos, foram deixadas as escleras nuas. Para as análises histológicas, sacrificaram-se os animais com cinco, sete, catorze, vinte e um e vinte e oito dias. Os olhos de um coelho, não submetido a qualquer procedimento, foram usados como controle histológico. Resultados: Considerando o período total de estudo, o grupo com biomembrana de látex apresentou cicatrização satisfatória em maior número de olhos do que o grupo com esclera nua (p=0,06). O número de vasos perilímbicos também foi significativamente maior nos casos com implante de biomembrana do que nos olhos sem biomembrana (p=0,0284). A freqüência de infecções foi idêntica nos dois grupos. Conclusão: Tal como o descrito na literatura para outros tecidos, a biomembrana de látex natural também parece favorecer a cicatrização conjuntival e a neoangiogênese. Se esses resultados se repetirem nos humanos, a biomembrana poderá se converter num promissor recurso terapêutico de reconstrução da conjuntiva ocular, particularmente nos casos em que a revascularização tecidual seja importante.

Fungal keratitis presented as a disease with severe complications, predominantly among young males, and was mostly caused by filamentous fungi. The present information permits the establishment of preventive strategies. Reducing the time between onset and treatment and using more accessible specific medication would reverse the negative prognosis.

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The investigation was centered on the morphological features of the conjunctiva-cornea transition (limbus) of the rabbit eye and the proliferative behavior of its epithelium. The eyes were processed for examination with light and electron microscopy, as well as for autoradiography after intravitreal injection of [ 3 H]thymidine ([ 3 H]TdR). At the sites of extraocular muscle insertion, the vascularization of the stroma extended to the peripheral cornea, and the limbal epithelium was thin with its basal stratum made up by clear cuboidal cells. In between the muscle insertions, the cuboidal clear cells, as well as the stroma blood vessels, were scarce. At the light microscope level, the basement membrane was distinct in the cornea but not in the limbus or the conjunctiva. Autoradiographs demonstrated that, at the limbus, the basal cells migrated very quickly to the suprabasal region and remained there up to the 28-day interval. Labeled cells were identified in all epithelial layers of the cornea, including the basal one, at 21 and 28 days but not in the limbal basal clear cells. The rate of renewal of conjunctival epithelium was similar to that observed for the transition with scarce clear cells. The high-resolution autoradiographs demonstrated that the basal cuboidal clear limbal cells exhibit a quick renewal and that they are not label-retaining cells. These latter ones were detected all over the corneal epithelium and in the suprabasal layers of the limbus up to 28 days, in physiological conditions, without the need of stimulation by damage to the corneal epithelium. Anat Rec, 291:191-203, 2008. 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: cornea; conjunctiva; epithelium; stem cell; limbus; renewal; autoradiographyThe human limbus is the transitional zone between the cornea, conjunctiva, and sclera, being 1.5 mm wide and 2 mm thick in the vertical plane. Several features have been used to get a more precise delimitation of the limbus at the microscope level. Among them the following are outstanding: (a) the termination of the Bowman's layer and the Descemet's membrane; (b) vascularization of the stroma; (c) differences in the occurrence of proteoglycans (keratan predominance in the cornea and presence of dermatan sulfate and hyaluronic acid in the limbus and sclera, for example); (d) loss of the orderly packing of collagen fibrils occurring in the cornea; (e) a

The epithelium lining the central region of the cornea--where it was assumed that stem cells do not exist--exhibited capability for regeneration and self-renewal in spite of seven consecutive debridements of its periphery. No evidence was found for transposition of limbal epithelial cells to the center of the cornea during the early merger of the epithelial sliding fronts.