For the last few months, COVID-19 has had a significant effect on clinical laboratory. This formalized with existing issues and difficulties for the laboratory evaluation of infections owing to extreme acute coronaviral syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The selection of the relevant respiratory tract specimen from the appropriate anatomical position is key to a timely and correct molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 at the right time in the pre-analytical process. Suitable steps are needed to safeguard laboratory personnel in order to provide accurate test results. The article is aimed at reviewing the literature related to the diagnosis and treatment therapy adapted to compete for novel coronavirus. The study is followed by reviewing 40-45 articles to critically evaluate and extract the possible therapies adapted in the different regions of the world. Serology, radiotherapy, antigen-detection test, point-of-care molecular diagnostics and other radiotherapeutic approaches are found to be efficient and used in several regions of the world.

Summary 在本项在丹麦开展的研究中,我们就维生素D状态(通常通过血液样本中的25‐羟基维生素D来测量)与罹患非黑色素瘤皮肤癌(NMSC)是否相关开展了调查。先前的研究证明,要回答这一具体问题颇为困难。如果将所有人简单地分成两组,即25‐羟基维生素D测量值较高的人群,以及25‐羟基维生素D测量值较低的人群,我们会发现前者的NMSC发病率更高。但是,这项简单的观察很容易造成误解,例如阳光中的紫外线辐射会造成皮肤损伤,进而诱发皮肤癌,并且会诱导皮肤中维生素D的合成(即帮助人体生成维生素D)。平均而言,体内25‐羟基维生素D水平较高的人群接受的阳光和紫外线辐射可能也更多,罹患皮肤癌的风险更高。鉴于这个原因,如果我们仅依据根据原始数据得出的结论去探究25‐羟基维生素D和癌症之间的关联性,有可能会得出错误的结果。在本研究中,我们使用了一项名为孟德尔随机化研究的方法,该方法不易受到上述潜在错误的影响。我们发现,影响维生素D的基因变异体既不会增加也不会降低罹患皮肤癌的风险。本研究的意义在于,不应从表面看待25‐羟基维生素D和皮肤癌之间的关联性,需要开展针对其他类型癌症的类似研究.

Medical students undergo various factors causing stress which are major concerns regarding mental disorders and suicidal ideation. In this study descriptive, a survey was conducted by using the convenience-sampling technique among a total of 161 students of 1st and 2nd-year MBBS students. The aims of this study were to evaluate the magnitude of stress-causing factors and to analyze how significantly they are related to stress in medical students. Data collection was done by using Medical Students Stress Questionnaire (MSSQ) with few modifications. Results revealed that among four variables, “heavy workload” and “large amount of content to be learnt” are positively correlated with a value of 0.587. The relationship between these two variables is also significant at both .01 and .05 level of significance. In conclusion, these factors causing stress leads to various stress responses, including physiological as well as behavioral responses.

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