The article considers the key aspects of the US external energy diplomacy in the context of the transformation of the global energy market at the present stage. The features of American energy strategy are revealed. The main strategic documents of the U.S., affecting the problems of energy security and energy strategy, are studied. The features of the concepts of "energy dominance" (Trump) and "energy independence" (Nixon) are presented from the point of view of their implementation in the context of modern political and economic challenges. The structure of the U.S. energy balance is considered, which made it possible to determine the level of dependence on external supplies of hydrocarbon raw materials, especially oil. The priorities of the U.S. in the hydrocarbon market (both natural gas and oil) and renewable energy are studied through the prism of the climate agenda (in particular, the 2015 Paris climate agreement). Special attention is paid to the issues of liquefied natural gas (LNG) export from the U.S., especially towards European markets. The key risks and challenges of US energy diplomacy in the context of the conflict in Ukraine as well as geopolitical confrontation with Russia are identified. The US energy strategy in the South Caucasus is considered. The main features of the U.S. energy cooperation with Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan in the context of geopolitical challenges are revealed.

The present research paper studies the impact of geopolitical processes on the development of Armenian “peaceful atom”. Nuclear energy has a key role in diversifying the energy system and ensuring the energy security of Armenia. The presence of nuclear capacities in the territory of Armenia is a strategic priority, taking into account the complex interstate relations in the South Caucasus and the danger of Armenia’s involvement in regional conflicts. However, at present stage of development of nuclear energy, Armenia faces certain challenges. On the way to answering these challenges Armenia deals with complex geopolitical processes and regional trends in the development of nuclear energy. The results of the study show the impact of geopolitical processes and regional transformations on the development of Armenian “peaceful atom”. At present, all states of the region, except for Georgia, are implementing or planning national programs for the development of “peaceful atom”. Plans and actions aimed at the development of nuclear energy in the South Caucasus necessitate the importance of further development of Armenian “peaceful atom” in order to maintain the country’s competitiveness at regional level. At the same time, nuclear energy in Armenia becomes a place for the clash of interests of certain geopolitical actors and an area for their competition. While the Russian participation is of decisive importance for the functioning and the development of nuclear energy in Armenia, the USA and the EU try to weaken the Russian participation in this area by providing their vision for the the development of the industry and implementing their own projects in the Armenian energy sector. Тhe integration processes in the EAEU and the EU, in turn, create certain obstacles, opportunities and prospects for nuclear energy in Armenia and lead to the cooperation with international structures, regional and geopolitical actors.

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Ensuring access to sustainable, affordable and clean energy sources is a top priority of the global energy agenda. It is reflected in the seventh goal of the UN Sustainable Development Agenda with the three dimensions of economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. The seventh goal is aimed at providing the sustainable development of energy systems whilst taking into account these dimensions. To assess the development trends of national energy systems within the framework of the global energy agenda, certain methods of quantitative measurement have acquired particular relevance. Approaches to assessing energy security mainly depend on the interpretation of the "energy security" concept. The main methods for the integrated assessment of the energy security of states are generally compiled by international organizations. An important indicator for the measurement of the sustainable development of energy systems is the Energy Tri-lemma Index, built within the framework of the "energy trilemma" concept. It allows quantifying the ability of states to ensure energy security, energy equity and environmental sustainability, taking into account the national context. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the energy systems of Russia, Kazakhstan and Armenia through the Energy Trilemma Index 2022. The studied countries actively participate in the integration processes in the Eurasian and post-Soviet space. Thus, the analysis of the Energy Trilemma Index 2022 allows us to become acquainted with the main trends of the energy sector development in the Eurasian space, exploring the conjuncture of energy markets and their main challenges. The study of the energy systems of Russia, Kazakhstan and Armenia through the energy trilemma index enables the identification the methodological significance of the index for assessing the sustainable development of national energy systems. The practical relevance of the index in the formation of the state energy policy for the sustainable development of the energy systems has also been emphasized.