Non-medically indicated c-section? 74% of sampled Argentine OB providers support women's right to choose.

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Introduction. Myelomeningocele (MMC) is an embryologic neural tube defect. Aim. To determine defecatory habits in MMC patients older and younger than 4 years old according to medullary level and factors affecting catharsis. Patient and methods. Descriptive study of prospective cohort by multidisciplinary team at Posadas Hospital, from March 2003 to March 2017. Inclusion criteria: MMC catered. Exclusion criteria: colostomizated. Results. n = 301. Female: 54%. Age: 1 month to 17 years. Median age: 3 years. GI: 178 patients ≤ 4 years. GII: 123 patients > 4 years. In GI: 82% normal defecation vs. 15% in GII; GI 18% constipation; GII 11% constipation, 79% incontinence. According medullary level: high (thoracic and high lumbar), low (middle lumbar, low lumbar and sacral). Constipation in GI: High 24% and in Low 14% (p = 0.13). GII incontinence in 86% High and in 73% Low (p = 0.06). 37% of walkers without aid, 23% of the children using valves and only 12% of wheelchair bound patients were continent (p = 0.01). Normal school: 30% continent; and 6% who continent attended special school (p = 0.001). Conclusions. 1) More frequent evacuation abnormalities after age of sphincteric control. 2) In ≤ 4 years old, constipation wasn´t related to medullary level; ≥ 4 years old patients defecatory trouble was directly. proportional to medullary level. 3) Special school pupils and wheelchair bound patients > 4 years experienced incontinence degree significantly higher. 4) No difference in defecatory trouble with or without urinary Catheterization. 5) More incontinence in > 4 with ventriculoperitoneal shunt. 6) Functional encopresis must be considered in association with organic factors in this patients.

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Introduction: During vaginal delivery, tears can occur in different areas of the lower genital tract. The policy of "restrictive episiotomy" increases anterior perineal trauma, mainly paraurethral tears. The topical application of Monsel´s solution in first degree perineal bleeding tears may benefit patients because of less use of anesthetics, sutures and procedure time. Objective: To determine if the Monsel´s solution stops active bleeding in first degree tears compared to traditional suture. Materials and methods: Randomized clinical trial, carried out at Hospital Nacional "Prof. Alejandro Posadas" from January 2011 to December 2013. 330 patients with recent postpartum vaginal delivery were admitted with a diagnosis of first degree bleeding tears. They were randomized to receive the application of Monsel´s solution, until stopping bleeding (intervention group) or traditional suture (control group). The primary outcome was the stoppage of active bleeding. Secondary outcomes were: patient discomfort with the procedure, practicality of the procedure, alterations in the scarring of the tear and wound infections. Crude and adjusted ORs and 95% CI were calculated. Analysis was done by intention to treat. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Hospital. Results: Monsel´s solution was effective for the stoppage of active bleeding in 86.7% of first degree bleeding tears. Out of 150 patients randomized to the intervention group, 130 met the primary outcome, ORc 0.04 (95% CI 0.01-0.27)/ORa 0.05 (95% CI 0.01-0.34) Monsel´s solution was safe, because it did not interfere with the scarring process It also offered a protective aspect on wound infections. The procedure was practical and simple for the intervening professionals and, despite being an irritant for the mucous; it was well tolerated by the patients. Conclusion: The Monsel´s solution appears effective, practical and safe for treatment of first degree bleeding tears.