Extractive distillation with salts, unlike other dehydration technologies, is better due to the null toxicity that exists in the distillate, since salt cannot be evaporated. With this distillation technology, it is possible to obtain a high concentration of ethanol, however, there are still problems in the control of the distillation columns in the presence of disturbances. The present work deals with the simulation and control of an extractive distillation column using CaCl2 as a separating agent, for which the Aspen Dynamics® simulator is used. The measurement and control of the ethanol composition are carried out by means of temperature, in addition, four control structures are evaluated and compared. These structures are L, D, LV, and DV, which are the most common in conventional distillation, and their performance is measured by means of deterministic indicators applying changes (disturbances) of composition and the flow rate in the main feed of the column. The most relevant results of this work lead to the fact that by applying a controller, it is possible to maintain the desired purity above the international purity standards (99% ethanol) that govern biofuels.

The purpose of the study was to design a device for the dissolution of fertilizers for agricultural use in an automatic and environmentally sustainable way to facilitate the work of farmers. To achieve this goal, an outdated blade design was used, which generates turbulent and laminar flows thanks to the angle of inclination of its blades. In tests, the combination of these two flows gave a better result compared to laminar and turbulent flows separately. The best results were achieved by varying the spin and speed, the time between spins, and the rest time. The time it would take to dissolve the mixture was drastically reduced if it were conducted in the traditional way (manually) or compared with commercial mixers. In conclusion, the technique used for the dissolution of agricultural minerals is more effective and reduces time, energy, and effort. This was able to reduce the time necessary to dissolve the fertilizer by 93 percent compared to doing it manually and by 66 percent compared to using commercial mixers, in a solution of 100 L of water per 100 kg of ammonium sulfate.

This paper presents a reflection on the ideal requirements that a provider should offer to the consumer. Traditionally, studies are made to improve products and/or services, but the consumer's point of view is disesteemed. This work approaches the commerce scenario from an approach where the consumer is the protagonist. The context of analysis is electronic commerce (e-commerce), however, the approaches can be extended to traditional commerce. It should be noted that commerce can be classified as traditional or electronic. In the specific area of ecommerce, it is known that the relevant defining characteristic is the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). Due to the above, the consumer has some particularities that are considered to present the approach. It is about identifying the elements for ecommerce improvement. Improving the sale-purchase cycle that includes improving marketing, improving consumer service, improving the product and/or service offered, and the improvement of the WEB portal.

This article shows a reflection concerning the use of Information and Communication Technologies by Small and Medium Enterprises of Pottery Industry in Jalisco state, in order to enhance the business scheme. A formal method is presented also to describe the characteristics that should be addressed in the development of WEB portal covering the buying and selling process properly. These arguments could be extended to the analysis of the trade of other products such as vegetables, fruits, sweets, etc. Finally, a proposal of the characteristics of the website with the points discussed through this work is done.

This work presents the essential elements that must be contained in marketing strategy oriented to virtual commerce, which is colloquially known as e-commerce. The presentation of the mentioned elements is done from a reflexing of some concepts that are formally showed. It is to say that the dissertation on the validity of the proposal is supported by mathematical approaches. Although the exhibition of this research is acceptable for all types of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), it is focused on the characteristics and needs of the pottery industry. The elements of the proposed marketing strategy are aimed at maximizing the customers shopping experience. The essential questions addressed are 1) How to keep customers to contact with products? 2) How to make customers feel that they are served? 3) How to get buyers to remain as customers and attract more? 4) How can buyers help to improve e-commerce? 5) What is the trend of the marketing strategy for e-commerce?