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This paper examines the thermal properties of cement composites reinforced with vegetable bagasse fibres (1.5 and 3% wrtc). Thermal properties have been correlated to macroscopic density and porosity in order to estimate thermal conductivity of fibres using a calculation inspired from Maxwell Eucken modelling. Experimental investigations reveal that adding retified bagasse fibres reduces composites thermal conductivity and yields a weaker specific heat in comparison with composites made with alkaline bagasse fibres. Moreover, the more the fibres, the lighter the specimen; lower its thermal conductivity and lower its specific heat. Thermal conductivity of alkaline fibres is lower than retified fibres one.