12Foot pathology is a common and important health concern in captive rhinoceroses 13 worldwide, but osteopathologies are rarely diagnosed, partly because of a lack of 14 radiographic protocols. Here, we aimed to develop the first radiographic protocol for 15 rhinoceros feet and describe the radiographic anatomy of the white rhinoceros 16 (Ceratotherium simum) hind foot (pes). Computed tomographic (CT) images were obtained 17 of nine cadaver pedes from seven different white rhinoceroses and assessed for pathology. A 18 single foot deemed free of pathology was radiographed using a range of different projections 19 and exposures to determine the best protocol. The normal radiographic anatomy of the white 20 rhinoceros pes was described using radiographs and 3D models produced from the CT 21images. An optimal projection was determined for each bone in the rhinoceros pes focusing 22 on highlighting areas where pathology has been previously described. The projections 23 deemed to be most useful were D60Pr-PlDiO (digit III), D45Pr45M-PlDiLO (digit II) and 24

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