Cystoid retinal degeneration in eyes with chronic CSC was distributed outside of the fovea and was not necessarily associated with severely reduced visual acuity. "Posterior cystoid retinal degeneration" defines this pathologic pattern appropriately. OCT findings suggest that intraretinal exudation and cystoid changes in chronic CSC develop through the formation of chorioretinal adherences.

Disease duration longer than 5 years and subretinal fibrosis are associated with the development of PCRD in CSC. Prospective evaluations could substantiate the associations found in this study and further clarify their significance.

Improvement of best-corrected visual acuity and lack of fluorescein leakage suggest combination treatment with IVT and PDT for occult with no classic CNV merits further investigation.

Short-wavelength automated perimetry and FDT perimetry are two non-conventional perimetric techniques that were mainly developed for the early detection of glaucomatous damage. The results of this study demonstrate their efficacy also in detecting early visual field deficits in MS patients without clinical signs of optic neuropathy. Frequency doubling perimetry, in particular, proved to be an easy, fast, and sensitive technique in the assessment of patients with MS. Our results also suggest that subclinical visual involvement in MS can be better diagnosed using multiple (neurophysiologic and psychophysical) tests.

In this glaucomatous group, cup shape measure and RA were significantly correlated to FDT indices. RA was more predictive of FDT abnormality than CSM in all the considered sectors except in the temporal one. However, HFA was a stronger predictor of HRT parameters than FDT.