Introduction- The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efcacy and safety of topical Tacrolimus (0.1%) as compared to topical Cyclosporine (0.05%) in treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients. Methodology- A Prospective, comparative, interventional study was conducted in 142 patients of VKC between February 2020 to august 2021 attending the ophthalmic outpatient department of our hospital. Patients were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria and included in the study after obtaining informed, written consent from the patients or their guardian. Right eye was be treated with Cyclosporine (0.05%) eye drop th th th twice daily and the left eye was treated with Tacrolimus (0.1%) eye ointment twice daily for 2 months. Patients were followed up on 15 , 30 , 60 st day on medication. Then the treatment was withdrawn and patients were reviewed after 4 weeks. At each follow up and at 1 visit patients symptoms were graded, recorded and compared as Total Subjective Symptoms Score (TSSS) and Total Objective ocular sign Score (TOSS). Result -Both TOSS and TSSS decreased in both the eye consistently without any effect on Intra-ocular pressure. Improvement in scores was more in left eye. But scores increased after the withdrawal of drug, still lower than baseline scores. Conclusion - Disease has greater propensity in males. Both the drugs were found to be effective and safe, but 0.1% Tacrolimus eye ointment found to be superior than 0.05% Cyclosporine eye drop. Only side effect with tacrolimus eye ointment was stinging sensation on instillation of drug.

Purpose: The aim was to study the various pattern and any seasonal variation in the incidence of anterior uveitis at a tertiary care center. An observational study was conducted on 100 patients of all Methods: new uveitis cases who attended the OPD between January 2020 to December 2021 of a tertiary care center, J.L.N. medical college and hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan. We grouped the months into winter, autumn, monsoon, spring and summer according to Indian weather. Cases were screened along with detailed clinical and laboratory investigation to nd out there clinical etiological causes. 100 Patients of uveitis were examined. There was male predominance (66%) Result: with male to female ratio 1.94:1. We found cases with unilateral (91%) uveitis to be more common, with more Right eye (48%) involvement. Majority (40%) of cases remained idiopathic. HLA-B27 (37%) was commonest association followed by lens induced and Tuberculosis. The incidence of uveitis in winter season (38%) followed by 33% in transitional season and 29% in summer. Non- Conclusion: infectious uveitis were more common. In Non-infectious uveitis, most common entity found to be Idiopathic and HLA-B27 associated whereas in infectious uveitis, ocular tuberculosis was found to be the leading cause. Seasonally uveitis were more in winter and less in summer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the etiology, associated ophthalmological and neurological ndings of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children at a tertiary care center. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 71 patients visiting between February 2020 to August 2021 at a tertiary care hospital, J.L.N. medical college and hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan. Diagnosis of CVI was based on ocular examination found poor visual function that could not be accounted by age, ocular ndings and neuroimaging.Results: The records of 44 boys and 27 girls were analysed. Majority of them were <3yrs (40.8%) . The most common etiology was perinatal hypoxia (29%), followed by prematurity (22.5%). Moreover, 9(12.7%) showed mixed aetiology, 8(11.3%) had hydrocephalus and 7(9.9%) had hypoglycemia . Amongst the ocular associations, refractive error was the most common, seen in 32 (45%) children, while strabismus in 31 (44%), nystagmus in 22(31%). Thirty two (45%) children had associated developmental delay, while 38(53%) had seizures. The most common ndings were ischemic encephalopathy (31%), periventricular leukomalacia (23%), cortical and subcortical atrophy and structural malformations (24%). Conclusion: CVI is of increasing importance as a cause of vision impairment in children. The major causes for CVI tend to be perinatal hypoxia followed by prematurity. Establishing the etiology for these children at early age may aid in early rehabilitation of these children.