Background Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG culture supernatant (LGGs) promotes intestinal integrity and ameliorates acute liver injury induced by alcohol in mice. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of Lactobacillus reuteri ZJ617 culture supernatant (ZJ617s) on acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice (20 ± 2 g, 8 wk old) were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 mice/group): oral inoculation with phosphate-buffered saline (control), intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg body weight) (LPS), oral inoculation with ZJ617s 2 wk before intraperitoneal injection of LPS (ZJ617s + LPS), or oral inoculation with LGGs 2 wk before intraperitoneal injection of LPS (LGGs + LPS). Systemic inflammation, intestinal integrity, biomarkers of hepatic function, autophagy, and apoptosis signals in the liver were determined. Results Twenty-four hours after LPS injection, the activities of serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were 32.2% and 30.3% lower in the ZJ617s + LPS group compared with the LPS group, respectively (P < 0.05). The ZJ617s + LPS group exhibited higher intestinal expression of claudin 3 (62.5%), occludin (60.1%), and zonula occludens 1 (60.5%) compared with the LPS group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of hepatic interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were 21.4% and 27.3% lower in the ZJ617s + LPS group compared with the LPS group, respectively (P < 0.05). However, the concentration of interleukin-10 was 22.2% higher in the ZJ617s + LPS group. LPS increased the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4; by 50.5%), phosphorylation p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK; by 57.1%), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (by 77.8%), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (by 42.9%), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB; by 36.0%) compared with the control group. Supplementation with ZJ617s or LGGs ameliorated these effects (P < 0.05). Moreover, the hepatic expression of active caspase-3 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II was 23.8% and 28.6% lower in the ZJ617s + LPS group compared with the LPS group, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions ZJ617s exerts beneficial effects on the mouse liver through suppression of hepatic TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB activation, apoptosis, and autophagy. This trial was registered at Zhejiang University (http://www.lac.zju.edu.cn) as NO.ZJU20170529.

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Connecting large numbers of electric vehicles to the power grid creates challenges for the operation of the power distribution network, but also provides a new method for supporting grid operation. This paper considers the trip patterns of electric vehicle users in China, including their trip starting time, traffic congestion, vehicle energy consumption, and other factors. We develop a charging–discharging operation strategy for electric vehicles in different functional areas with the goal of minimizing the cost of distribution network, which considers the distribution patterns of electric vehicles in different functional areas. As different types of cities in China have different proportions of electric vehicle users who follow different travel chains, we provide multiple examples showing the effectiveness of our proposed V2G method in different cities.

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Since the Spring Festival of 2020, the rapid spread of COVID-19 has a serious impact on real estate enterprises. According to the Supreme People's Court, a total of 408 real estate companies filed for bankruptcy in 2020, up 8.2 percent year on year. It is worth mentioning that there are many well-known real estate companies on the bankruptcy list since the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the willingness of residents to purchase houses and their choice of real estate enterprises since the epidemic. SPSS software was used for data modeling and analysis, and the comparison was made before the epidemic. Meanwhile, a case study is conducted on the financing capacity and earnings of Country Garden, Vanke and Sunny City Real Estate from 2019 to 2021. Overall, residents’ choice of real estate enterprises has changed greatly since the outbreak, and the economy of real estate enterprises has been deeply affected. Therefore, based on the repeated situation of COVID-19, the economic choices of real estate enterprises and consumers deserve further study, and relevant policy suggestions are put forward accordingly. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of real estate enterprises risk management and residents investment decisions.