Based on the exposure test of fly ash (FA) concrete in different environments, chloride diffusion coefficients and main microstructural parameters measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and their time dependent properties were analyzed at first. Then, the effect of FA content on time-dependent chloride diffusivity and microstructural parameters was investigated. Finally, according to the similarity theory and Jaccard coefficient, the similarities of instantaneous chloride diffusion coefficient and main microstructural parameters between two environments were discussed. Results show that the proportion of pores with size ≥100 nm has the best correlation with chloride diffusivity of concrete. Besides, chloride diffusion coefficients and main microstructural parameters both decrease with exposure time. The decreasing rate increases with the increase of FA content. Moreover, in the laboratory environment with high temperature and high salinity, an acceleration effect on chloride diffusion can be observed. Results of similarity analysis indicate that chloride diffusivity and main microstructural parameters at the exposure time of 320 d in the laboratory environment is the most similar to that in site at the exposure time of 840 d. For concrete with FA content not more than 40%, their Jaccard coefficients of similar criterion parameters related to chloride diffusivity and microstructural parameters are all greater than 0.87.

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TYK2 (tyrosine-protein kinase 2) is a non-receptor protein kinase belonging to the JAK family and is closely associated with various diseases, such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus. TYK2 activates the downstream proteins STAT1-5 by participating in the signal transduction of immune factors such as IL-12, IL-23, and IL-10, resulting in immune expression. The activity of the inhibitor TYK2 can effectively block the transduction of excessive immune signals and treat diseases. TYK2 inhibitors are divided into two types of inhibitors according to the different binding sites. One is a TYK2 inhibitor that binds to JH2 and inhibits its activity through an allosteric mechanism. The representative inhibitor is BMS-986165, developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. The other class binds to the JH1 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) site and prevents the catalytic activity of the kinase by blocking ATP and downstream phosphorylation. This paper mainly introduces the protein structure, signaling pathway, synthesis, structure-activity relationship and clinical research of TYK2 inhibitors.