No abstract

Natural Zeolites in powdered form have commonly used as adsorbent and one of the most crucial compound in water treatment plant, in filter system of petrochemicals or other processes under environmentally, physically and chemically conditions. But in the form of powder, zeolites are easily washed out in liquid or gas stream. Therefore, a modification would be necessary to solve this problem. Zeolites and clay were modified into ceramic adsorbent to adsorb heavy metal pollutant that is hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) contained in electroplating industrial effluents. Zeolite and clay were mixed evenly and molded into small balls with 5-6 mm diameter and dried at 1000 o C for 48 hrs. This adsorbent was activated with HCl 32% solution for 1 hr to enhance its adsorption potential. Ten samples with various ratios of zeolite:clay (3:37-12:28) with the total adsorbent mass of 1000 g was examined. Cr (VI) uptake in liquid wastewater was studied by varying contact time and the ratio of zeolite and clay. The effect of activation treatment with HCl 32% solution on adsorption performance of zeolite ceramic adsorbent was also investigated. Analysis of wastewater output indicates a reduction of hexavalent chromium concentration reaches 99.45% at contact time 10 h with 12:28 ratio of activated adsorbent. This shown that the process of adsorption had greatly reduced the contamination of Cr (VI) and may have been a solution for environment problem regarding wastewater containing Cr (VI).

The leachate wastewater from pulp and paper industry is known containing various types of heavy metals, the contamination of heavy metals contained in industrial wastewater which is released to water body will accumulate and eventually pollute the environment. The improper wastewater disposal by industries does not only greatly reduce marine vegetation and animal life but also contributes to the destruction of aquatic ecosystem. It is necessary to do the wastewater treatment to eliminate or at least to reduce the heavy metal content to the legal standard quality. One of the most commonly method used for wastewater treatment is adsorption, this study uses the adsorbent made from the mixture of clay and activated carbon formed into ceramic balls with the size of ± 0.5 cm in diameter. The ratios of clay and activated carbon are 6:1, 6:2, 6:3, 6:4 and 6:5. The pulp and paper wastewater treatment method is conducted by contacting wastewater containing Pb with the adsorbent in a column made of glass of 2 inches diameter and 50 cm length, contact time variations are 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210, and 240 min. The most favorable result is 92.45%, the adsorbent is able to reduce the Pb concentration from 0.53 mg/L to 0.04 mg/L respectively at 180 minutes contact time with adsorbent ratio of 6:5.

Repeatedly use of cooking oil can cause increasing free fatty acids and peroxide value contained. Therefore, continuous exposure to used cooking oil has known resulting hazardous impacts on the environment and also to human health. Hence, it is necessary to purify used cooking oil before it is discharged to the environment. Durian peel contains high cellulose ranging from 50% - 60%, which is eligible to be used as carbon adsorbent’s raw material for used cooking oil purification. This study produced a kind of carbon adsorbent from durian peel through a carbonization process that lasted for 2 hours at 500°C combustion temperature with a chemical activation using H2SO4 1 N. This study was carried out with the adsorbent weight of 6 grams and various contact times of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. The most favorable results obtained after contact time was 0.0637% of free fatty acid, 0.41 meq O2/kg of peroxide value, and 0.9022 gr/ml of density, respectively, at 150 minutes contact time.

ABSTRAKKulit durian merupakan salah satu jenis buah yang mengandung selulosa cukup tinggi berkisar 50 % -60 % yang dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan karbon dalam proses purifikasi minyak jelantah. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh massa adsorben dan waktu kontak terhadap purifikasi minyak jelantah. Pembuatan adsorben dari kulit durian melalui proses karbonisasi pada suhu 500 ºC selama 2 jam. Purifikasi minyak jelantah dilakukan dengan variasi massa adsorben 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 gr dan waktu adsorpsi 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 menit. Hasil penelitian terbaik untuk asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, dan massa jenis minyak berturut-turut adalah pada waktu 150 menit dan massa adsorben 6 gram yaitu sebesar 0,0515 %, 1,41 Meq O2/kg, dan 0,9022 gr/ml. Kata kunci : Adsorpsi, karbon, kulit durian, minyak jelantahABSTRACT Durian skin is one kind of fruit that contains cellulose quite high in the range 50 % -60 % which can be used to manufacture of activated carbon in the purification of used cooking oil. The aim of this research is to know the effect of mass of adsorbent and contact time to the purification of used cooking oil. Making adsorbents from durian skin through carbonization process 500 o C for 2 hours. purification of used cooking oil was carried out with adsorbent mass variations 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 grams and adsorption time 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. The results obtained the best value for free fatty acids, peroxide numbers, and oil density at 150 minutes and adsorbent mass of 6 grams at 0.0515 %, 1.41 Meq O2/kg, and 0.9022 gr/ml.