The role of teachers has evolved from merely being teachercentered to one that is student centered and the skills required for a quality teacher are changing too. Assessing teacher's effectiveness will not be a straight forward attempt by solely examining students' achievements or students' perceptions of their teachers' attributes. A careful examination of the teaching concepts, one as a form of "labor and profession" (Firestone & Bader, 1991); or the other as a "craft and art" (Grimmett & MacKinnon, 1992)

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Despite of the various attempts to implement safety practices in school, there still many unresolved issues related to students' safety in schools. This study aimed to explore and examine current safety management practices in Malaysian primary schools and the type of safety management plans adopted by the administrators for ensuring students' safety. The sample of this study consisted of 141 School Headmasters and Deputy Headmasters (Administration and Curriculum, Student Affairs or Co-curriculum), randomly selected from 138 primary schools in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia. Quantitative methods were used and the data of school administrators' attitude and stances in implementation of safety management practices were gathered using a set questionnaire. The data was then tabulated, summarized and evaluated to draw conclusions from them, using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Results from the study indicated that there was a strong positive attitude among school administrators in relation to safety management plan and policy practices in school. Teachers' and staffs' participation and parental and community involvement are significantly and positively predicted by school administrators' commitment and communication; as well as safety education, training and campaign at schools. Some of the safety practices investigated in the study were not observed in schools due to increasing workload and responsibilities of teachers and their time availability. Safety practices at the schools mostly depended on the issues that are considered as important by the respective schools. As the implication of this study, some recommendations were made to help schools to improve safety practices at school and promote cooperation between school administrators, teachers, parents and community as a whole. The study also implied that implementation of safety management education in Malaysian primary school has a good prospect.

This study explored attributes of at-risk behaviors amongst Malaysian adolescents in secondary school and factors underpinning these behaviors. Clustered random sampling procedure was administered and approximately 738 respondents' questionnaires were finally considered for the final analyses of the data collected. A survey form which comprised demographic variables, types of at-risk behaviors and factors affecting them was pilot-tested and administered. Descriptive statistics (namely mean scores and standard deviations) was employed to describe the demographic variables related to Malaysian adolescents and types of at-risk behaviors prevalent among Malaysian adolescents. Inferential statistics (Anova and t-tests) were administered for comparing gender, age, and location -urban versus rural, family SES differences as regard to the type of atrisk behaviors prevalent. Findings based on the descriptive statistic and inferential statistics indicated that incidences of at-risk behaviors such as substance abuse, alcohol consumptions, suicide ideations and attempts, pre-marital sex, teen pregnancy and abortion, runaways were minimal and not alarming. Findings from this study shed light on the importance of developing intervention strategies which involved all quarters namely; parents, school, society and positive portrayal of adolescents' image and icons via media in our attempt to improve the life quality of adolescents.

Lack of career exploration leads to career indecisiveness among Indonesian high school students. According to some studies, successful career exploration is determined by students’ initiative. However, no consistent answer about factors that make the students self-directedly engage in career exploration. This study is aimed to explore student’s self-directedness during the career exploration, including the factors that encourage student’s career exploratory behavior. This single case study used semi-structured interview and document analysis to investigate the experience of one Indonesian high school student. Two themes emerged from the data: involvement factor in career exploration, which determined by internal and external influence, and qualities of self-directedness, which is reflected by the employment of strategies and self-awareness. Recommendation for parents and educators to provide exposure to various activities, explicit teaching of self-directed learning and related skills is also essential to build students’ initiative in career exploration.