In vitro tissue culture is a growth optimization technique of Dendrobium orchid with according to media composition. Nutritions in the media are important for dendrobium orchid. Dendrobium orchid  include plant from orchidaceae family its spread throughout the world like indonesia. Its features are easily planted, intersest is continuous and varied, easily assembled, the flower crown is not easy to fall and wither. Research aimed at obtaining media compositions that are easily available and able to fulfill the needs of orchid plants. The research was conducted using descriptive methods to compare different trearment; Vacin & Went and VW media with adding organic matter; extract bean sprouts, potato extrac, and water coconut; wich is conducted for eight weeks after planting. The result of addition organic matter on VW media was different toward organogenesis of orchid. The average number of shoots is 1.8; the number of leaves average of 6.8 and the number of roots average of 3.6 formed from two until eight weeks after culture.Keywords: tissue culture, growing media, Dendrobium orchid, organogenesis.ABSTRAKKultur jaringan in vitro adalah salah satu teknik optimalisasi pada pertumbuhan tanaman angrek Dendrobium dengan menyesuaikan komposisi medianya. Nutrisi yang terdapat di dalam media sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan anggrek. Anggrek Dendrobium termasuk tanaman dari keluarga Orchidaceae yang penyebarannya sampai ke pelosok dunia seperti Indonesia. Keistimewaanya mudah ditanam, bunganya terus-menerus dan bermacam-macam, mudah disusun, serta mahkota bunga tidak mudah jatuh dan layu. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi media yang mudah didapat dan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan tanaman anggrek. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk membandingkan perlakuan media yang berbeda yaitu media Vacin & Went, dan VW dengan penambahan bahan organik; ekstrak tauge kacang hijau, ekstrak kentang, dan air kelapa muda; yang dilakukan selama delapan minggu setelah tanam. Hasil penambahan bahan organik pada media VW berbeda terhadap organogenesis eksplan anggrek. Jumlah tunas rata-rata 1,8; Jumlah daun rata-rata 6,8 dan jumlah akar rata-rata 3,6 yang terbentuk dari dua minggu setelah kultur (MSK) sampai minggu terakhir pengamatan delapan MSK.Kata kunci: kultur jaringan, media tanam, angrek Dendrobium,organogenesis.

AFB positive detection cases increase in 2011 until 2013 at Sukoharjo District, but TB CDR is still below national and local targets. Nguter PHC has highest CDR among other subdistrict, that is 84.6% in 2012 and 68.9% in 2013. The objective of this study is screening pulmonary TB patients in Nguter PHC region. Target population screening was ≥ 15 years who often contact with AFB positive patients who in of September 2013 to 2014 period. We did screening by interview about clinical symptom and sputum examination. Diagnostic test are distribution and combination of clinical symptoms, microscopic examination of sputum in Nguter PHC, and cross check sputum to BBKPM Surakarta. The analysis are find the value of p, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and Kappa value. We get 160 respondents. Results of microscopic examination of sputum find 15 people (9,38%) were AFB positive and prevalence is 9.38%. Clinical symptoms that have highest sensitivity is cough for 2-3 weeks or more (100%). Kappa value for the cross check is 80% (good deal) with an error rate of 6.67 rate . The screening helps capture suspected pulmonary TB much more (national target 5-15%). It is recommended that training on the management of TB laboratory analyst officers in all PHC so the value of the agreement (kappa) with BBKPM can be increased and the error rate can be decreased.

Application larvicides synthetic in the long term could be expected to cause resistance, so it required an effort of larvicides alternative, one of them is with natural larvicides derived from plants to toxic insects but harmless to humans and the environment. Garlic contains allicin, and diallyl sulfide has bactericidal and flavonoid that act as a respiratory inhibitor to insects. The objective is to determine the effectiveness of garlic against Aedes aegypti larvae mortality. We did experimental studies with Aedes aegypti larvae as research subject which is tested with garlic solution with concentration and a certain amount of time. The larvaes were divided into 6 groups: concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and control (without treatment). Each group contains 20 larvaes observed every 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, and 12 hours with 3 repetitions. Garlic solution is effective if Aedes aegypti larvae death more than 50%. The data were analyzed based on guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides by WHO. At concentration of 10% larvae mortality by 30%, concentration 15% larvae mortality 45%, concentration 20% larvae mortality 75%, concentration 25% larvae mortality 85%, and concentration 30% larvae mortality of 90% while in control group there is no dead larvae. Effective garlic solution to kills larvae at concentrations of 20%, 25%, and 30%. We recommended using garlic solution with high concentrations to killing larvae at containers.

Kalsium diberikan kepada pasien gagal ginjal kronik (GGK) stadium akhir untuk menangani kondisi abnormalitas metabolisme mineral dan tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan karakteristik pasien GGK pengguna kalsium. Jenis penelitian deskriptif, pengambilan data secara retrospektif di poliklinik sub spesialis ginjal hipertensi RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Kriteria inklusi subyek penelitian adalah pasien gagal ginjal kronik (stage 1-5) yang menerima kalsium usia ≥17 tahun dan kriteria eksklusi merupakan penderita dengan catatan medik yang kurang sempuran/tidak ditemukan. Sejumlah 313 subyek penelitian diambil data dan dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil dan kesimpulan didapatkan karakteristik berupa usia (tahun) 17-25 (1,92%), 26-35 (7,03%), 36-45 (21,41%), 46-55 (37,38%), 56-65 (25,24%) dan >65 tahun (7,03%); jenis kelamin laki-laki (51,76%), perempuan (48,24%); penyakit utama gagal ginjal kronik stage 5 (100%); penyakit penyerta hipertensi (44,40%), hipertensi + 1 penyakit penyerta (30,99%), hipertensi + 2 penyakit penyerta (15,01%), hipertensi + 3 penyakit penyerta (2,88%), hipertensi + 4 penyakit penyerta (0,32%), diabetes melitus (1,60%), anemia, dispepsia, hiperurisemia, CVA dan BPH (0,32%), tanpa penyakit penyerta (2,88%) lama menjalani pengobatan <5 tahun (92,01%) dan ≥ 5 tahun (7,99%); kalsium yang digunakan kalsium karbonat (99,68%) dan kombinasi kalsium karbonat dan kalsium laktat (0,32%); frekuensi penggunaan kalsium 3 x 1 (99,36%), 2 x 1 (0,32%) dan 3 x 2 (0,32%); lama pemberian 7 hari (2,24%), 10 hari (1,28%), 15 hari (0,32%) dan 30 hari (96,17%), dengan efek samping (5,75%) dan tanpa efek samping (94,25%); obat lain yang digunakan oleh pasien gagal ginjal kronik yakni obat kelompok antihipertensi (ARB, CCB, diuretik, BB), antidiabetika, antihiperlipidemia, antiplatelet, antiangina, analgetik-antipiretik, kortikosteroid, obat sistem saluran pernafasan, sistem saluran cerna, sistem endokrin, sistem saluran saraf pusat, gangguan darah, antihistamin, anti-pirai, antibiotika serta vitamin dan mineral. Kata Kunci: Suplemen, Kalsium, Gagal Ginjal Kronik, Hipertensi, Cuci Darah  CCalcium is administered to patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease to deal with conditions of mineral and bone metabolism abnormalities. This research aims to describe the characteristics of patients with chronic kidney disease who consumed calcium. This is a descriptive research type, the data retrieval  retrospectively from kidney hypertension sub specialist polyclinic at Ulin Banjarmasin Regional Public Hospital. The inclusion criteria of research subjects are patients with chronic kidney disease (stage1-5) who consumed calcium at the age ≥ 17 years old and the exclusion criteria of research subjects are patients with incomplete / not found medical record. The data of 313 research subjects is taken and analyzed descriptively. The result and conclusion is that the characteristic in the form of age 17-25  (years old)  (1.92%), 26-35 (7.03%), 36-45 (21.41%), 46-55 (37.38%), 56-65 (25.24%) and > 65 (7.03%) years old; male gender (51.76%), female (48.24%); the main cause of stage 5 chronic kidney disease (100%); comorbidities of hypertension (44.40%), hypertension+1comorbidities, hypertension+2comorbidities (15.01%), hypertension+3comorbidities (2.88%), hypertension+4comorbidities (0.32%), diabetes melitus (1.60%), anemia, dispepsia, hiperurisemia (0.32%), without commorbidities (2.88%); long suffered < years (92.01%) and ≥ 5 years (7.99%); the calcium used is calcium carbonate (99.68%) and combination of calcium carbonate and calcium lactate (0.32%); frequency of calcium consumption 3 x 1 (99.36%), 2 x 1 (0.32%), and 3 x 2 (0.32%); administration time of 7 days (2.24%), 10 days (1.28%), 15 days (0.32%) and 30 days (96.17%), with side effects (5.75%) and without side effects (94.25%); the accompanying drugs used antihypertensive (ARB, CCB, diuretic, BB), antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemia, antiplatelet, antiangina, analgesic-antipyretic, corticosteroid, respiratory system drugs, digestive system, endocrine system, respiratory system drugs, blood disorders, antihistamine, anti-pirai, antibiotic, vitamin and mineral.

Aedes aegypti is a vector of dengue fever. Vector density may be effect of disease incidence because of the high density and highly resistant to increase of the disease. Larvae density in an area influenced by availabiloty of kontainers. The objective of this study to determine of larvae density of Aedes aegypti mosquito in endemic and non endemic area in Mamuju District based on House Index value, Kontainer Index value, Breteau Index value, and Density Figure level. We did observasional study with cross sectional by collected data and observation to larvae density of Aedes aegypti in its kontainers. Sample size determination using simple random sampling Lemeshow formula as much as 340 in endemic area and 295 in non endemic area. Based on density figure level, endemic and non endemic area included in average category so that area potential for the occurance of infection.