This article discusses about philosophy of science according to Karl R. Popper and Thomas S. Kuhn. There are (Kuhn).Science education implies the teaching and learning of science interesting and fruitful in one hand, and teachers should be role models to students in the other hand. similarities and differences between their views about how progress and what function of science.Apparently both Popper and Kuhn agree that science does not proceed by induction. However Kuhn disagrees with the view that science progresses by falsifiability through conjectures and refutations, but occurance by paradigm shift. Popper and Kuhn's disagreement amounted to a distinction between two functions within the practice of science, one of criticism (Popper) and one of puzzle solving

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Environmental tragedy overshadows efforts to seize coastal space (Coastal and Ocean Grabbing) in part from 1,373 ha. for the Benoa Bay reclamation project in South Bali. So far, Benoa Bay has become a livelihood for fishermen and marine tourism practitioners. This water area with intertidal tides allows flushing to maintain sea water quality, in addition to the 100 ha of “Ngurah Rai” mangrove forest. which regulates hydro-orology around Denpasar. Public reasoning was disturbed when the investors of PT TWBI facilitated by the State through the Presidential Regulation, the Ministerial Decree KP and the Bali Governor's Decree planned to build 12 islands by sinking over 700 ha of water. for established hotels, villas, offices, educational facilities, sports complexes, trade, botanical gardens, apartments and floating villas. The controversy took place when the results of an AMDAL study from LPPM Udayana University stated that the Benoa Bay area was not socio-culturally suitable for reclamation, but investors sought to continue the reclamation by cooperating with a number of universities from outside Bali to conduct a comparative AMDAL study. Responding to the plan, the indigenous people through Paruman Pakraman stated their attitude to reject the reclamation of Benoa Bay by considering environmental sustainability and the preservation of customary-cultural areas. The reclamation issue of Benoa Bay in its development has not only been an environmental issue, but has penetrated into the realm of local politics. When the Bali Pilgub, Denpasar Pilwakot and Badung Pilbup and even the election of Bandesa (traditional village officials) conditioned all candidates to make an integrity pact rejecting the reclamation of Benoa Bay, including candidates who had been known to be pro-reclamation. After twice (2014-2018) the location permit was declared not meeting the AMDAL study, now investors have obtained a new permit (2018-2020) from the KKP to continue the struggle over the Benoa Bay living space. The ForBALI movement, which is the mandate of Pasubayan Pakraman, is preparing a new round of struggle for environmental justice in Benoa Bay. ForBALI's agenda going forward, first: push the results of the AMDAL study to be socio-culturally inappropriate. Second, submit a review of Perpres No. 51/2014 which is the "culprit" of the Benoa Bay reclamation discourse. Third, encourage the cancellation of Perpres No. 51/2014 to end the Benoa Bay reclamation polemic.

At the beginning of its growth, Kampung Batik developed rapidly as a center of batik production and as a residence for residents of Semarang and its surroundings. Kampung Batik then became a very crowded, slum village and became a hotbed of crime). The Kampung Batik in 2016 was designated as a Thematic Village by the Mayor of Semarang. This has aroused public awareness to improve the village, both physically and socially. Changes in Kampung Batik from slum villages to clean and beautiful villages deserve to be studied because of the large role of the community in managing the village environment. The problem examined in this article is how community management in Kampung Batik is carried out so that it can transform slums into beautiful villages. Because the study of this article discusses the process of change and development of Kampung Batik, the method used is the historical method, the stages of which are heuristics (source collection), criticism, interpretation, and writing facts). The conclusion is that the Semarang City Government program to create a Thematic Village has a positive value. Kampung Batik, which has been arranged, has become one of the tourist destinations in Semarang.

This paper is the result of a literature study on environmental justice, adat movements, and adat perspectives of Tri Hita Karana related to the Benoa Bay reclamation project, and in-depth interview with the coordinator of ForBALI I Wayan "Gendo" Suardana. The discussion begins on environmental justice is a central issue in Indonesia. Then the discussion of the Benoa Bay reclamation project into a tourist development area, which has the potential to threaten maritime conservation and loss of livelihoods of local residents. Furthermore, the discussion about Tri Hita Karana as adat perspectives that underlies the movement of indigenous peoples to reject reclamation project. Finally, the discussion about the ForBALI movement as a representation of indigenous peoples who reject the reclamation project in Benoa Bay. Based on the discussion it was concluded that, adat movements through ForBALI has temporarily succeeded in thwarting the reclamation project at Benoa Bay by PT TWBI. The adat perspective on Tri Hita Karana became the philosophical basis of the ForBALI movement. The ForBALI movement has succeeded in integrating the environmental movement, political movement and cultural movement into the spirit of resistance of indigenous peoples in facing the hegemony of the power of neoliberal capitalism.