No abstract

KGHM S.A. exploits copper ore deposits in underground mining facilities. As a result of this operation the seismic activity of the rock mass is induced. One of the symptoms of seismic activity of the rock mass is the occurrence of high energy seismic shocks. These phenomena can lead to severe destructions in mine workings. Resulting from that is a threat to work safety in the area of seismic shock occurrence and risk of damage to mine's property. Particularly strong seismic shocks may also pose a threat to objects on the surface. The level of seismic activity of the rock mass depends on many factors that can be divided into factors related to the environment in which the operation is carried out and factors related to methods of conducting the operation. In the report authors propose an algorithm for prediction of the occurrence of seismic shocks with a given energy.

AbstractNicosulfuron is a herbicide used for plant protection. This paper presents the results of research on the physicochemical properties of three herbicidal preparations containing nicosulfuron as the active substance by measuring and comparing its concentration by the chromatographic method. These preparations are in the form of a concentrated suspension intended for dilution with water, and due to the fact that nicosulfuron contained in the tested preparations is sensitive to water quality, while checking the physicochemical properties of the preparations, a dispersion for soft (pH: 5–7) and hard (pH: 8–9) water was also determined. It is important to note that high content of mineral salts in water may have a negative effect on the biological activity of the substance. In addition, the use of herbicides does not only apply to the use of appropriate dilutions, which are effective and not harmful to the environment. However, it is also important to consider specific farmer and equipment used, so that the preparation is easy to use and does not adversely affect the kit used for spraying. This study has shown that depending on the preparation used based on the amount of active substance 40 g/l, the amount of nicosulfuron varies. The test indicators in the form of pH and density are similar, while during the tested dispersion, differences depending on the tested water were observed (sediments were observed in only one preparation tested). Differences depending on the occurrence of sediments in the water used, both at 0 and 24 h, are signaling in favor of the soft water. Therefore, it is important to assess the hardness of the water, which in turn guarantees a reduction of the amount of deposits and protection of agricultural equipment used for spraying.

Production of plant protection products is one of the most innovative branches of the chemical industry for agriculture requiring considerable financial outlays, which is associated with the needs of farmers. This is because the intention of farmers is to obtain higher yields and search for substances with properties independent of weather conditions and active for a longer time.  In the paper, an innovative technology for the production of suspensions, using a pearl mill, which are applied as a carrier of the active ingredient in plant protection products, has been presented. The pearl mill proposed in the research work, in which its parameters are presented, is used to prepare suspensions that are applied for the production of fungicides. In the production of plant protection products it is important that the parameters of the substrates comply with the guidelines regulated by law. The tests were conducted in accordance with good practices according to the CIPAK method, using liquid chromatography.