Introduction: Chillies or red peppers are consumed globally as a spice, condiment, culinary and as folk medicine because of their pungent taste, spicy flavour and therapeutic values. Colour, pungency and capsaicinoids are the potential characteristic attributes for assessing the quality of the dried chilli and are accountable for market price, trade and standardisation of the oleoresins. Objective: The present study was designed to prepare crude oleoresins from nineteen varieties of chilli and to enrich carotenoids contents in oleoresin paprika and capsaicinoids extractives in oleoresin capsicum separately for the evaluation and standardisation of colour, pungency and total capsaicinoids content. Methods: Crude oleoresins from dried fruits of chilli were prepared using conventional solvent extraction method, which were further enriched for the carotenoid and capsaicinoids extractives by fractionation techniques, and yielded oleoresin paprika and oleoresin capsicum separately. Oleoresins and their derivatives were subjected to analytical estimation of colour values, pungency and capsaicinoids content. The colour content was quantified using a UV Vis Spectrophotometer, whereas pungency was determined using HPLC and quantified as Million Scoville Heat Units. Total capsaicinoids contents were also quantified. Results: The highest extraction yield was found in the variety Teja (S-17) that is 8.82%, whereas enriched versions of oleoresin paprika and oleoresin capsicum were calculated higher in the varieties 273 and Teja (S-17) with the values 6.04 and 2.62%, respectively. The colour value of crude extract was the highest (3085.2 CU) in the variety 5531-IPM, whereas paprika was enriched high in the variety Lolly Chilli (3400.5 CU). The highest pungency (1.59 MSHU) was noted in the variety 5531-HPH. In the case of oleoresin capsicum, the pungency was highly enriched in the two varieties 4884 and Teja (S-17), with the MSHU values 6.11 and 5.5, respectively. Total capsaicinoids contents in the crude oleoresin were found maximum in the variety 5531-HPH (10.60%), whereas after purification (oleoresin capsicum), the maximum capsaicinoids contents were enriched in the varieties 4884 and Teja (S-17) with the values 40.73 and 36.67%, respectively. Conclusion: The outcome of our elaborated studies elucidates that Teja (S-17) 5531-HPH, 5531-IPM and 4884 varieties are better for extractive yield, pungency, and total capsaicinoids content, whereas 5531-IPM and Lolly Chilli varieties are better for colour extraction compared to all other varieties.

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Pandemic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered virus "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)" . Considering the present scenario of COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on humankind, holistic remedies with respect to herbal medicine validated from ethnopharmacological rationale are now targeting approaches globally as a preventive care against SARS-CoV-2. Aim: This review is primarily focused on to deliver a concise fact of the coronaviridae family, pathophysiology, mechanism of action, ethnopharmacological validated Indian herbs for inhibiting the virus with possible targets. Experimental procedure: In this study, science mapping tool Bibliometrix R-package was used to perform bibliometric analysis and building data matrices for keywords co-occurrence investigation, country-wise scientific production; collaboration between the countries worldwide, co-word analysis on topic "keywords associated with SARS-CoV-2 and medicinal plants" . Results and Conclusion: Our findings is to deliver a concise knowledge about the coronaviridae family, pathophysiology, possible targets for managing the SARS-CoV-2, in addition to potential medicinal plants and their phytoconstituents against COVID-19. Target-specific inflammatory pathways due to post infection of SARS e.g. NLRP3, p38-MAPK, Metallopeptidase Domain 17; endocytosis pathways e.g. Clathrin, HMGB1 pathways are primarily highlighted along with relevant interleukins and cytokines, which directly/indirectly triggering to immune system and play a significant role. Based on selective pathways and potential lead, the outcome of our elaborated study put forward selected Indian medicinal plants that hold a very high probability as preventive care in this global crisis.

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