Objectives: To assess and compare the change in pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position also to evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of Forsus and Powerscope appliance in skeletal Class II malocclusion patients with obstructive sleep apnea subjected to 6 months fixed functional appliance therapy. Methods: 30 patients with skeletal class II malocclusion having day-time somnolence associated with snoring requiring fixed functional orthodontic treatment were selected and randomly divided into Forsus and Powerscope groups. Patients were treated with MBT 0.022-slot and aligned till 19x25 SS. Fixed functional appliance was installed. Digital Lateral cephalograms were traced for Skeletal, Dental, Airway Measurements and Hyoid bone position at pre-treatment (T1), before start of fixed functional therapy (T2) & at end of fixed functional therapy (T3) analysed using Dolphin software. Findings : Skeletal correction achieved was same for both Forsus and Powerscope. Forsus showed significant improvement in sagittal correction whereas Powerscope produced dentoalveolar changes. Airway dimensions showed significant increase Pre & Post treatment for both groups. Whereas Hyoid Bone moved more mesial and superior with fixed functional therapy. Change in airway dimensions was similar for both the groups. Fixed functional appliance produced significant increase in airway dimension however no difference seen between Forsus and Powerscope. Novelty: The study revealed that correction https://www.indjst.org/

Transdermal drug deliver have a number of advantages including greater patient compliance, sustained release, prevent gastric irritation and avoidance of pre systematic first-pass effect. It gives attraction to many researcher due to various advantages. Recently, the use of micron-scale needles in increasing skin permeability has been proposed and shown to dramatically increase transdermal delivery, especially for macromolecules. Researchers have focused their attention on the use of microneedles to overcome the barrier of the stratum corneum. Microneedles deliver the drug into the epidermis without disruption of nerve endings. Recent advances in the development of microneedles are discussed in this review. Using the tools of the microelectronics industry, microneedles have been fabricated with a range of sizes, shapes and materials.

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