Highlights d A wide range of complementary structural biology techniques used in conjunction d Experimental and computational assessment as mutual validation for protein dynamics d Integrated characterization using ensemble MD simulations restrained by exact NOE restraints

Serum albumin, often referred to simply as albumin, is a globular protein that in humans is encoded by the ALB gene. Albumin is a multifaceted, highly soluble, stable, nontoxic, non-poisonous, biocompatible and biodegradable plasma protein. Albumin has been widely studied as a protein carrier for drug delivery. Because of its versatile nature, it can also be used for the delivery of the hormones, metals and fatty acids by binding to its specific binding sites. Various studies revealed that albumin can be used to increase the circulating half-life and bioavailability of drug molecules which are smaller than the renal filtration threshold and are rapidly lost from the circulation leading to limiting therapeutic potential. This review article presents advantages, disadvantages, functions, importance, different nanoparticles that can be crowned with an albumin and the special features of albumin as a drug carrier, and how the understanding of these features is currently being employed to optimize the circulatory half-life albumin.

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A UV-visible spectrophotometric method for quantifying tacrolimus in nanoparticles has been developed and validated, and it is accurate, simple, reproducible, and affordable. For drug analysis, optimal conditions have been identified. 291 nm was discovered to be the maximum wavelength (max). In the range of 0.2-1.8 mg/ml, the response was linear (r2 = 0.9989). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations for precision studies were found to be less than 2%, indicating that the procedure is precise.

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