Conflict between PT. SMM, Naga Juang district community, and the government of

Berbagai fenomena alam yang belum terselesaikan menunjukkan kondisi yang semakin mengkhawatirkan dan menjadi tantangan bagi semua pihak. Pada konteks ini filsafat memiliki peran strategis sebagai dasar pemikiran penting untuk menentukan posisi seseorang dalam menyikapi fenomena yang terjadi. Landasan filsafat ekofenomenologi yang mendalam menentukan alur pikir dan solusi yang dirumuskan. Artikel bertujuan menelaah konsep etika tanah Aldo Leopold untuk menentukan solusi reklamasi lahan pasca tambang. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka, desk study, dan hermeunetik. Pustaka diperoleh dari berbagai sumber meliputi jurnal, artikel, buku, laporan pemerintah, dan laporan perusahaan dengan isu terkait. Diketahui antroposentrisme telah mendominasi pola pemikiran stakeholder terkait. Hal tersebut dapat tercermin dari berbagai produk kebijakan, tindakan di lapangan, dan rencana kegiatan yang disusun untuk reklamasi lahan pasca tambang. Azas utilitarianisme sangat mewarnai setiap kebijakan dan tindakan yang diambil. Kondisi ini telah mengorbankan ekosistem khususnya tanah yang tidak lagi dianggap sebagai subjek yang perlu dikelola dan dijaga kuantitas dan kualitasnya. Proses ini apabila tidak segera diluruskan akan berdampak pada kemerosotan fungsi dan jasa lingkungan dan mengakibatkan ketidakstabilan ekosistem. Jika hal tersebut terjadi, maka pembangunan berkelanjutan yang digaungkan tidak akan dapat diwujudkan.

Nickel is an essential metal in modern infrastructure, with significant uses in the stainless-steel industry for less than 65%. Nearly 70% of the world’s nickel laterite production comes from Indonesia and the Philippines. The high demand for nickel-based materials globally and the availability of nickel laterite ore in Indonesia make laterite nickel mining in Indonesia inevitable. Medium and small mining companies are more likely to have a more significant impact on the environment than large companies. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of environmental risk and impact management, and develop a company strategy. The research was conducted by qualitative method, namely by descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The data was collected in interview text, questionnaire results, field notes, documentation, photos, and videos. SWOT is one of the methods to analyze the strategy of an organization by identifying and measuring strengths and weaknesses, and opportunities and threats of the organization. Result is obtained score 3.77 (the X-axis), and 0.34 (the Y-axis) and will be plotted into a quadrant graph of the SWOT analysis method. The research resulted in PT. REI is in quadrant I. Therefore, the strategy would be utilizing the strengths and opportunities of the organization.

<p>The exploitation of natural resources remains a common practice in many countries to stimulate economic growth, and coal is the most commonly exploited resource. However, the mining process often causes environmental disturbance. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the ideal implementation of coal mine reclamation in Indonesia. In the post-mining area, the land is often arid, with voids that are prone to flood and erosion. The reclamation of this area is carried out by returning topsoil, adding organic material, and planting cover crops and fast-growing species. When the topographical conditions have steep slopes, scrap engineering is often added to hills up to a maximum height of 8 meters, trimming the slope with a maximum remaining slope of 35 degrees and making drainage channels with a width of more than 3 meters, a depth of more than 2 meters, and an edge slope of 2-5 percent. Approximately 70.59% of reclamation programs in Indonesia are aimed at reforesting mining areas into secondary forests because they were previously a forest ecosystem. The types of reclamation that had been carried out but were still uncommon included aquaculture, urban forests, parks playground, sports park, cattle farms, and fauna conservation ecotourism. A new approach to reclamation, such as eco-habitat, is important to obtain optimal social, economic, and ecological benefits. This approach involves optimizing sources of livelihood based on area rezoning according to the level of interference, revegetation of plants involving the community, and revitalization of sources of community livelihood, specifically environmental restoration with plant species as sources of food, nutrition, minerals, income, and non-timber forest products. Therefore, the reclamation program should be carried out through a collaborative partnership between companies, local communities, academics, technical ministries, and the media.</p>

Post-mining land is generally damaged by physical properties related to soil texture and porosity, chemistry associated with low pH levels and nutrient deficits, as well as heavy metal content, low biodiversity, and loss of ecosystem services. It is a challenge for the reclamation process, so various efforts are being made to increase its effectiveness. In general, the effectiveness is only partially assessed because it looks for convenience but does not consider the follow-up impact. This study aims to inventory the types of plants that are commonly found in post-coal mining areas. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach through a literature review and desk study. At least 21 species of trees are the most widely planted for the reclamation process. Among these 21 species, only 14.3 percent are native species, while the other 85.7 percent are alien plants that have the potential to become invasive. Though invasive plants cause environmental damage and disrupt the stability of the bio-ecohydrological system. Therefore, a new approach to mine reclamation is needed for the preservation of the environment and the ongoing environmental services provided to humans and other living things