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The output power characteristic of the photovoltaic (PV) panel under partial shading condition (PSC) exhibits multiple peaks: a single global maximum peak (GMP) and several local maximum peaks, which adds more complexity to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system. Here, a deterministic modified Jaya (DM-Jaya)-based algorithm is proposed for tracking the GMP, where the updating solution formula and the step size in the vicinity of the GMP of the generic Jaya algorithm have been significantly improved, these improvements provide many pros, including quick convergence time, one parameter needs to be tuned, null oscillation in steady-state, and easily implemented in a low-cost microcontroller. The proposed DM-Jaya algorithm is implemented in the hardware prototype; in addition, it is compared to other state-of-the-art techniques under different PSC patterns. The obtained results revealed the effectiveness of the DM-Jaya and its overall superiority compared to other methods in terms of efficiency and tracking time.

A wind turbine (WT)-based doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is the most often used generator in the wind conversion system market due to its advantages such as the ability of operating under variable wind speed and its high performance. However, nonlinear dynamical and parameter uncertainties of the DFIG make the controller design of this kind of system a challenging work. Thus, in this study, a novel control strategy was proposed to design the desired system dynamics, to highlight the efficacy of the proposed system, and to improve the performance of the closed-loop system. The proposed controller combines the twelve-sector direct torque control (12-DTC) and the fuzzy controller with modified rules to solve the limitations and shortcomings of the usual methods for the WT-DFIG system. All operation modes, successively and continually, were considered to reflect the true operation of WT-DFIG system subject to random wind speeds. The aims of this work was to ensure an optimal operation of the wind generator, extracting maximum power in the zone II of the WT characteristic, and limiting this power in its maximum value in the case (zone III), to transmit the power generated by the DFIG to the grid-side with minimum losses in the disturbances related to DFIG. Extensive numerical simulations were performed under MATALB/Simulink, where the proposed fuzzy twelve direct torque control (F12-DTC) was compared with conventional nonlinear controls: conventional DTC (C-DTC) and 12-DTC. The simulation results demonstrated clearly that the proposed one had the highest performance and robustness, with a significant reduction in rotor flux and electromagnetic torque ripples and better-generated power quality with low currents’ THD over the conventional strategies (C-DTC and 12-DTC).