In many countries, the number and proportion of elderly people is growing. Some countries can be called ageing now; others can be attributed to this category later. The relevance of the problem of ageing is indicated by the fact that the activities of almost all international organizations are aimed at researching a particular problem of ageing. When adopting the "Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing", for the first time, the definition of "ageing" was given by the criterion of the share of 60 and 80-year-olds in the total population of the country. The first should be at least ten percent, the second -at least seven.The ageing problem of the population is especially acute for China because of the policy of birth control. The problem also lies in the fact that in China the population is aging faster than the gross domestic product is growing. It is noted that, despite the growth of both consumer spending and savings, their share in the country's gross domestic product is declining. For example, the share of final consumption is reduced from 5.9% in 2011 to 3.6 in 2014.This research assesses the impact of population ageing on a number of macroeconomic parameters, including a decrease in the share of final consumption in the gross domestic product; the instability of domestic demand for durable goods and innovative goods; labor shortage; an increase in the burden for the state budget. The research ends with proposals for improving the country's pension policy.

The article proves that it is possible to achieve wellbeing if there is an improvement of both the pension system and change in the citizen's attitude towards retirement income. The calculations (dynamics of the percentage of the working retirees, both in Russia and TPU, and the average salary) show that the increase in the ratio of the number of retirees and working people can't lead to the deficit of the budget of the Russian Pension Fund. It is proved that the key way to overcome the deficit is to remove payments, which are not or little connected with earned income (disability and loss of a breadwinner pension, long service pension, and early retirement pension) and save only one function -compensation for loss of earnings. Refusal of the territorial rent (pension's peg to the minimum of subsistence of a retiree in the region) will also balance the financial state of the Pension Fund. It is mathematically proved that the wellbeing of retirees can be reached if they participate in the compulsory and voluntary pension insurance programs, which are not necessary governmental.

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Pensioners' well-being depends on many factors. It can be provided with the state, family, and pensioners themselves. It can be tangible and intangible. This research is limited with the following frames: only material well-being, only governmental support, 8 federal districts of the Russian Federation, the exploration period is 6 years: 2006-2011. The evaluation of 6 activities by MinMax Method, including three cash ones and three "noncash" ones, allowed to prove empirically the hypothesis that social support of pensioners living in various federal districts of the Russian Federation is significantly different. Leveling out of these differences should be a crucial way to perfect/improve pensioners' social support.

The well-being of pensioners depends on not only objective factors, but also subjective. Subjective assessment of the life`s quality occupies an irreplaceable position in the welfare of pensioners. This study is limited by the following restrictions: results of the survey (80 profiles in Russia, 154 questionnaires in China): 18 questions for both objective and subjective assessments; deviation of the quality of life of pensioners in Russia and China; recommendations for improving pension policy (from the standpoint of the interests of the person and the state).We proved hypothesis that, despite the significant differences assessment of the life`s quality and welfare of older persons in China and Russia, subjective assessment is important. A key way of the well-being of older persons is a union of state support, personal and corporate resources.